Energy Analysis of Citrus Production in Turkey and the World

Energy analysis is a systematic method for assessing energy use in a system or process. It involves measuring and quantifying the energy inputs and outputs of a system. Energy analysis can help identify inefficiencies in a system and guide the development of strategies for improving energy efficiency and sustainability, reducing energy consumption and production costs. There are different energy sources used during the production with different operations such as tillage, hoeing, weeding, irrigation, fertilizer application, spraying, harvesting and transportation. In this study, all energy inputs, outputs and energy related criteria were evaluated from all over the world by different references published up to July 2023 about citrus production: amount of direct/indirect, renewable/non-renewable, commercial/non-commercial energy sources during the production of orange, lemon, mandarin, grapefruit and citrus. The purpose of this this study was to compare energy use during the production of these citrus fruits worldwide. According to the results, the highest energy input is reached in orange production in Turkey and the world. The maximum input energy source was chemical fertilizer in mandarin production. While the highest energy use efficiency was in orange production in Turkey, it was in grapefruit production in the world. Indirect, non-renewable and commercial energy use was very high both in Turkey and the world.