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<p>Post-harvest losses from insect pests, such as the Angoumois grain moth (<i>Sitotroga cerealella</i>), remain a major constraint on global food security, particularly in stored cereal grains. This study evaluated methanolic extracts of four medicinal plants—<i>Lantana camara</i>, <i>Origanum majorana</i>, <i>Ocimum basilicum</i>, and <i>Ammi visnaga</i>. The study assessed their phytochemical constituents, GC–MS chemical profiles, antioxidant and insecticidal activities, physiological effects on <i>S. cerealella</i>, and protective effects on stored grains, while exploring correlations among these properties. <i>O. basilicum</i> and <i>O. majorana</i> were richest in phenolics (2.66 and 2.10&#xa0;mg&#xa0;GA&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup>) and flavonoids (3.19–3.39&#xa0;mg&#xa0;QE&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup>), corresponding with strong antioxidant capacity (IC<sub>50</sub> = 75.51 and 80.83&#xa0;µg&#xa0;mL<sup>−1</sup>). <i>L. camara</i> showed the highest acute toxicity (LC<sub>50</sub> = 3.31&#xa0;mg&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup>), whereas <i>O. basilicum</i> and <i>O. majorana</i> caused the strongest sublethal effects, suppressing adult emergence by &gt; 80% at LC<sub>25</sub>. Grain protection assays demonstrated that <i>O. basilicum</i> provided the best long-term protection at LC<sub>90</sub>. Enzyme assays revealed that <i>O. basilicum</i> and <i>O. majorana</i> significantly enhanced antioxidant defenses (SOD, GSH), whereas <i>A. visnaga</i> reduced detoxification-related enzymes (ALT, ALP). Pearson correlation analyses revealed strong negative associations between phenolic content and grain weight loss (GWL) and insect-damaged grains (IDGs), as well as between antioxidant potential (DPPH-IC<sub>50</sub>) and insect emergence reduction (ER). These findings demonstrate the multifunctional value of phenolic-rich extracts for sustainable botanical pest control and grain preservation, supporting their potential incorporation into sustainable post-harvest management strategies.</p>

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Integrated evaluation of medicinal plant extracts: phytochemical composition, insecticidal activity, and biochemical impacts on the Angoumois grain moth for sustainable grain protection

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月22日

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  • Nessma M. Abdeen,
  • Ahmed M. A. Salman,
  • Shaimaa S. Shoman,
  • Fatma S. Ahmed

摘要

Post-harvest losses from insect pests, such as the Angoumois grain moth (Sitotroga cerealella), remain a major constraint on global food security, particularly in stored cereal grains. This study evaluated methanolic extracts of four medicinal plants—Lantana camara, Origanum majorana, Ocimum basilicum, and Ammi visnaga. The study assessed their phytochemical constituents, GC–MS chemical profiles, antioxidant and insecticidal activities, physiological effects on S. cerealella, and protective effects on stored grains, while exploring correlations among these properties. O. basilicum and O. majorana were richest in phenolics (2.66 and 2.10 mg GA g−1) and flavonoids (3.19–3.39 mg QE g−1), corresponding with strong antioxidant capacity (IC50 = 75.51 and 80.83 µg mL−1). L. camara showed the highest acute toxicity (LC50 = 3.31 mg g−1), whereas O. basilicum and O. majorana caused the strongest sublethal effects, suppressing adult emergence by > 80% at LC25. Grain protection assays demonstrated that O. basilicum provided the best long-term protection at LC90. Enzyme assays revealed that O. basilicum and O. majorana significantly enhanced antioxidant defenses (SOD, GSH), whereas A. visnaga reduced detoxification-related enzymes (ALT, ALP). Pearson correlation analyses revealed strong negative associations between phenolic content and grain weight loss (GWL) and insect-damaged grains (IDGs), as well as between antioxidant potential (DPPH-IC50) and insect emergence reduction (ER). These findings demonstrate the multifunctional value of phenolic-rich extracts for sustainable botanical pest control and grain preservation, supporting their potential incorporation into sustainable post-harvest management strategies.