<p>Egg parasitoids of the genus <i>Trichogramma</i> are widely employed in biological control programs, yet their natural performance can be compromised by insecticides applied in agroecosystems. While it is known that parasitoids are negatively affected by insecticides through various exposure routes, the impact through oral ingestion remains underexplored. This study assessed the effects of oral ingestion of two commonly used insecticide classes, avermectins (abamectin and emamectin benzoate) and diamides (chlorantraniliprole and flubendiamide), along with the ready-to-use mix, chlorantraniliprole + abamectin, on the key fitness parameters such as survival, flight ability, and parasitism performance of two <i>Trichogramma</i> species, <i>T. evanescens</i> and <i>T. pintoi</i>. Avermectin insecticides caused &gt; 50% mortality in both species at all tested concentrations except for 1/8 of the recommended field concentration (RFC/8). In contrast, RFC of diamide insecticides did not cause &gt; 50% reduction in survival of both parasitoids. Avermectins significantly reduced the proportion of parasitoids capable of flight, while diamides had no significant effect on flight ability in both species. Avermectins decreased parasitism performance in both species, whereas diamides reduced parasitism performance only in <i>T. pintoi</i>. These findings highlight potential risks associated with integrating these insecticides into pest management programs involving <i>Trichogramma</i> spp., and emphasize the importance of evaluating the oral route of exposure in compatibility assessments.</p>

错误:搜索内容不能为空,请输入英文关键词
错误:关键词超出字数限制,请精简
高级检索

Oral ingestion of avermectin and diamide insecticides causes divergent impairments in survival, flight behavior, and parasitism performance of Trichogramma evanescens and T. pintoi

  • Adil Tonğa

摘要

Egg parasitoids of the genus Trichogramma are widely employed in biological control programs, yet their natural performance can be compromised by insecticides applied in agroecosystems. While it is known that parasitoids are negatively affected by insecticides through various exposure routes, the impact through oral ingestion remains underexplored. This study assessed the effects of oral ingestion of two commonly used insecticide classes, avermectins (abamectin and emamectin benzoate) and diamides (chlorantraniliprole and flubendiamide), along with the ready-to-use mix, chlorantraniliprole + abamectin, on the key fitness parameters such as survival, flight ability, and parasitism performance of two Trichogramma species, T. evanescens and T. pintoi. Avermectin insecticides caused > 50% mortality in both species at all tested concentrations except for 1/8 of the recommended field concentration (RFC/8). In contrast, RFC of diamide insecticides did not cause > 50% reduction in survival of both parasitoids. Avermectins significantly reduced the proportion of parasitoids capable of flight, while diamides had no significant effect on flight ability in both species. Avermectins decreased parasitism performance in both species, whereas diamides reduced parasitism performance only in T. pintoi. These findings highlight potential risks associated with integrating these insecticides into pest management programs involving Trichogramma spp., and emphasize the importance of evaluating the oral route of exposure in compatibility assessments.