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<p>The Asian citrus psyllid <i>Diaphorina citri</i> Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) is the vector of the plant pathogen <i>Candidatus</i> Liberibacter asiaticus (<i>C</i>Las), the causal agent of the Huanglongbing disease which is devastating for the citrus industry. Here, we investigated the cellular and humoral immune responses of <i>D. citri</i> against the ectoparasitoid <i>Tamarixia radiata</i> (Waterston) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and the endoparasitoid <i>Diaphorencyrtus aligarhensis</i> (Shafee, Alam &amp; Agarwal) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), which are used for its biological control. We first described the hemocytes of <i>D. citri</i> nymphs and classified them into five major classes based on morphology and function: prohemocytes, plasmatocytes (the most abundant phagocytic cells), granulocytes, adipohemocytes and oenocytoids. Parasitism by <i>T. radiata</i> resulted in a significant large reduction (~ 50%) in the number of all host-adherent hemocytes (prohemocytes, plasmatocytes, granulocytes), with also a transient decrease in prohemocytes followed by an increase in granulocytes. In contrast, parasitism by <i>D. aligarhensis</i> only alters slightly the hemocytes repartition. Surprisingly, we were unable to induce a clear melanization response in <i>D. citri</i> hemolymph or adherent cells using classical activation tests. After parasitism we tested the expression of some immunity-related genes in the <i>D. citri</i> Imd, JAK/STAT, Toll and PO pathways and observed that they were all significantly affected but with different amplitude and temporality by the two parasitoids. 24&#xa0;h and 48&#xa0;h after <i>T. radiata</i> parasitism, the effect on immune genes remained important, whereas for <i>D. aligarhensis</i>, the genes returned to basal levels or were slightly downregulated. These results complement our knowledge of <i>D. citri</i> of cellular and humoral immunity and contribute to a deeper understanding of host–parasitoid immune interactions.</p>

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Differential cellular and humoral immune responses of the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri to its ecto- and endoparasitoids

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月9日

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  • Zhuo Yu,
  • Liwen Feng,
  • Mohao Xiong,
  • Wenfeng Hu,
  • Jun Zhong,
  • Cong Zhang,
  • Marylène Poirié,
  • Jean-Luc Gatti,
  • Bin Xia,
  • Bin Wan

摘要

The Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) is the vector of the plant pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), the causal agent of the Huanglongbing disease which is devastating for the citrus industry. Here, we investigated the cellular and humoral immune responses of D. citri against the ectoparasitoid Tamarixia radiata (Waterston) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and the endoparasitoid Diaphorencyrtus aligarhensis (Shafee, Alam & Agarwal) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), which are used for its biological control. We first described the hemocytes of D. citri nymphs and classified them into five major classes based on morphology and function: prohemocytes, plasmatocytes (the most abundant phagocytic cells), granulocytes, adipohemocytes and oenocytoids. Parasitism by T. radiata resulted in a significant large reduction (~ 50%) in the number of all host-adherent hemocytes (prohemocytes, plasmatocytes, granulocytes), with also a transient decrease in prohemocytes followed by an increase in granulocytes. In contrast, parasitism by D. aligarhensis only alters slightly the hemocytes repartition. Surprisingly, we were unable to induce a clear melanization response in D. citri hemolymph or adherent cells using classical activation tests. After parasitism we tested the expression of some immunity-related genes in the D. citri Imd, JAK/STAT, Toll and PO pathways and observed that they were all significantly affected but with different amplitude and temporality by the two parasitoids. 24 h and 48 h after T. radiata parasitism, the effect on immune genes remained important, whereas for D. aligarhensis, the genes returned to basal levels or were slightly downregulated. These results complement our knowledge of D. citri of cellular and humoral immunity and contribute to a deeper understanding of host–parasitoid immune interactions.