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<p>The current resistance of <i>Aedes</i> mosquitoes to common insecticides presents a major challenge for arboviral disease control, highlighting the need for innovative alternatives. Botanical larvicides have emerged as promising eco-friendly options. This study reports, for the first time, the chemical composition of the essential oil (EO) from <i>Piper baccans</i> (Piperaceae), its larvicidal activity, and mechanism of action against <i>Aedes aegypti</i>. We also evaluated its toxicity on non-target aquatic organisms. The EO was extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed using GC–MS and GC-FID. The main components were eudesm-7(11)-en-4-ol acetate (30.71%), valerianol (5.73%), γ-eudesmol acetate (5.37%), δ-amorphene (5.03%), and 13-hydroxyvalencene (5.0%). The EO exhibited larvicidal activity against <i>A. aegypti</i>, with LC<sub>50</sub> and LC<sub>90</sub> values of 10.68&#xa0;µg/mL and 22.11&#xa0;µg/mL, respectively. Morphological alterations such as micronucleus formation, chromosomal abnormalities, apoptosis, and necrosis were observed. Additionally, the EO showed acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity (IC<sub>50</sub> 38.37&#xa0;µg/mL), indicating a neurotoxic mechanism. Importantly, the EO (up to 221.10&#xa0;µg/mL) caused no mortality in non-target aquatic organisms (<i>Diplonychus indicus</i>, <i>Anisops bouvieri</i>, and <i>Paracheirodon axelrodi</i>) over 60&#xa0;days. In contrast, Spinosad (0.036&#xa0;µg/mL) caused 50% mortality in <i>A. bouvieri</i> and 70% in <i>P. axelrodi</i> (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). These findings suggest that <i>P. baccans</i> EO is a promising, selective larvicide with low environmental risk, supporting its potential in integrated mosquito management and environmentally sustainable vector control strategies.</p>

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Chemical composition and selective toxicity of Piper baccans essential oil against Aedes aegypti larvae and non-target aquatic organisms

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月27日

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  • Hergen V. de Souza,
  • André C. de Oliveira,
  • Cláudia Patrícia S. Tavares,
  • Suelen C. Lima,
  • Rita C. S. Nunomura,
  • Sergio M. Nunomura,
  • Aylane Tamara dos S. Andrade,
  • Miriam S. Rafael,
  • Junielson S. da Silva,
  • Rosemary A. Roque,
  • Ana L. Leandrini de Oliveira

摘要

The current resistance of Aedes mosquitoes to common insecticides presents a major challenge for arboviral disease control, highlighting the need for innovative alternatives. Botanical larvicides have emerged as promising eco-friendly options. This study reports, for the first time, the chemical composition of the essential oil (EO) from Piper baccans (Piperaceae), its larvicidal activity, and mechanism of action against Aedes aegypti. We also evaluated its toxicity on non-target aquatic organisms. The EO was extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed using GC–MS and GC-FID. The main components were eudesm-7(11)-en-4-ol acetate (30.71%), valerianol (5.73%), γ-eudesmol acetate (5.37%), δ-amorphene (5.03%), and 13-hydroxyvalencene (5.0%). The EO exhibited larvicidal activity against A. aegypti, with LC50 and LC90 values of 10.68 µg/mL and 22.11 µg/mL, respectively. Morphological alterations such as micronucleus formation, chromosomal abnormalities, apoptosis, and necrosis were observed. Additionally, the EO showed acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity (IC50 38.37 µg/mL), indicating a neurotoxic mechanism. Importantly, the EO (up to 221.10 µg/mL) caused no mortality in non-target aquatic organisms (Diplonychus indicus, Anisops bouvieri, and Paracheirodon axelrodi) over 60 days. In contrast, Spinosad (0.036 µg/mL) caused 50% mortality in A. bouvieri and 70% in P. axelrodi (p < 0.0001). These findings suggest that P. baccans EO is a promising, selective larvicide with low environmental risk, supporting its potential in integrated mosquito management and environmentally sustainable vector control strategies.