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<p>The rice leaf folder (RLF), <i>Cnaphalocrocis medinalis</i>, is an important migratory pest of rice in Southeast Asia and East Asia. However, its migration dynamics are not well-understood. In this study, we investigated RLF migration across the South China Sea from 2017 to 2024 using a searchlight trapping, stable isotope analysis, ovarian dissection and trajectory modeling. Our work shows how RLF migration occurs year-round, with peak migration from September to October. The proportion of sexually mature and mated females gradually increases over time. Trajectory analyses further show that successive RLF generations primarily migrate northward in the spring–summer season and then engage in return flight during autumn and winter. Lastly, stable isotope analyses uncover how RLF larvae primarily feed on C3 plants in the spring and summer, but on C4 plants during winter. By unveiling key aspects of RLF migration in Southeast Asia and East Asia, our study lays the necessary groundwork for multi-country surveillance programs, early warning systems and improved ‘area-wide’ management of this limiting rice pest.</p>

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Seasonal migration dynamics of the rice leaf folder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis across the South China Sea

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月17日

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  • Xianyong Zhou,
  • Ran Yan,
  • Dazhong Liu,
  • Huiru Jia,
  • Xiaokang Li,
  • Xinzhu Cang,
  • Yaobin Lv,
  • Kongming Wu

摘要

The rice leaf folder (RLF), Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, is an important migratory pest of rice in Southeast Asia and East Asia. However, its migration dynamics are not well-understood. In this study, we investigated RLF migration across the South China Sea from 2017 to 2024 using a searchlight trapping, stable isotope analysis, ovarian dissection and trajectory modeling. Our work shows how RLF migration occurs year-round, with peak migration from September to October. The proportion of sexually mature and mated females gradually increases over time. Trajectory analyses further show that successive RLF generations primarily migrate northward in the spring–summer season and then engage in return flight during autumn and winter. Lastly, stable isotope analyses uncover how RLF larvae primarily feed on C3 plants in the spring and summer, but on C4 plants during winter. By unveiling key aspects of RLF migration in Southeast Asia and East Asia, our study lays the necessary groundwork for multi-country surveillance programs, early warning systems and improved ‘area-wide’ management of this limiting rice pest.