Physalis floridana suppresses the expression of trehalase gene HvTREs in Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) for defense against herbivorous insects

Plants use various secondary chemicals in their chemical defense against herbivores. While botanical insecticides are crucial for reducing the reliance on chemical pesticides, the development of plant-derived insecticides remains limited. In this study, we fed Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata with three different host plants (Solanum nigrum, Solanum tuberosum, and Physalis floridana) and observed that feeding on P. floridana led to changes in the body size and a significantly high mortality rate. Through transcriptome analysis, it was found that the trehalose metabolism pathway of H. vigintioctopunctata changed significantly under different host feeding conditions, especially since the expression level of the trehalase gene was extremely different. We subsequently identified eight transcripts of HvTREs and analyzed their evolution and structure. Among them, significant differences are observed in the relative expression levels of HvTRE1-5 in H. vigintioctopunctata after the fourth instar and were affected by different plant diets. Compared with the natural host S. nigrum, the larvae that fed on P. floridana significantly reduced the contents of trehalose, glucose and glycogen and significantly affected the trehalase activity. Knockdown of HvTRE1-5 by RNAi increased mortality at the H. vigintioctopunctata prepupation stage, suggesting that HvTRE1-5 is important for H. vigintioctopunctata pupation. This study provides new insights into developing of green control methods for H. vigintioctopunctata and offers a valuable example for understanding the interaction between host plants and herbivorous insects.