<p>Droplet rebound is a key topic in interfacial physics and fluid mechanics, with important applications in industry, energy, and biomedicine. Based on the principle of energy conservation, a theoretical model was developed to describe droplet rebound on anisotropic superhydrophobic surfaces, providing functional relationships between the rebound direction and velocity of the droplet and the structural characteristic parameters. Combined with numerical simulations and experimental characterization, it was found that a stable Cassie state reduces energy dissipation during the droplet spreading and rebound process, facilitating low energy rebound. Moreover, under different parameter conditions, droplets can exhibit completely opposite motion on anisotropic surfaces. With the increase of the proportion of structures in the Wenzel wetting state, the droplet rebound direction gradually shifts from opposite to the structural inclination to the same direction. Furthermore, the droplet spreading and rebound process is primarily influenced by the droplet’s initial state and the surface compressive stability. Through force-material optimized design, the fabricated biomimetic surface enables droplets to maintain a Cassie state with minimal energy dissipation even at <i>We</i> = 18, reducing the required Weber number by 35% compared with the rebound distance in the Wenzel state. This study further refines the mechanical model of droplet rebound, addressing challenges such as the precise control of droplet motion.</p>