<p>Sorption-induced deformation is widely observed in nanoporous materials. However, the fundamental mechanisms that govern this behavior remain only partially elucidated, and a generally accepted predictive modeling framework is still lacking. In this review, we synthesize the current state of knowledge by examining experimental findings, theoretical formulations, and numerical simulation techniques relevant to sorption-induced deformation in porous media. To begin with, experimental studies on both mesoporous and microporous systems are summarized, revealing that the deformation response strongly depends on pore size, thereby pointing to distinct physical mechanisms operating at different scales. Subsequently, theoretical approaches that have been developed to rationalize sorption-induced deformation are considered. These models aim to describe adsorption-induced stresses originating from a variety of microscopic processes and to incorporate them into macroscopic constitutive relations capable of predicting the resulting deformations. Furthermore, numerical strategies devised to simulate this coupled phenomenon are outlined, encompassing methodologies that vary according to the scale of the pores and the level of material description. Ultimately, by assessing the current achievements and limitations, the review highlights persisting knowledge gaps and identifies critical directions for future research into sorption-induced deformation.</p>