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<p>A novel capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection (CE-ECD) method based on a mechanical pencil copper electrode was developed and applied for the analysis of four free sugars in&#xa0;<i>Lycium barbarum</i>. A commercial polyester enameled copper wire with a core diameter of 550&#xa0;µm was integrated into a mechanical pencil, and its tip was polished into a disk shape to fabricate a novel mechanical pencil copper disk electrode. Utilizing this electrode, CE-ECD was employed for the determination of four free sugars in&#xa0;<i>Lycium barbarum</i>. Key parameters, including the concentration of NaOH in the background electrolyte, separation voltage, and injection time, were optimized to establish the best detection conditions. Under the optimized conditions—75&#xa0;mM NaOH solution, a separation voltage of 12&#xa0;kV, and a 45&#xa0;cm long fused silica capillary—the four free sugars were effectively separated within 11&#xa0;min. The current responses exhibited linearity over a concentration range of 1 to 2000&#xa0;µM, with detection limits (S/N = 3) ranging from 0.35 to 0.89&#xa0;µM. This method was successfully applied to quantify the four free sugars in <i>Lycium barbarum</i>, producing highly satisfactory results.</p>

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Fabrication of Mechanical Pencil Copper Electrodes for Capillary Electrophoretic Measurement of Sugars in Lycium Barbarum

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月22日

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  • Lingxiao Peng,
  • Xinyang Zhang,
  • Gang Chen

摘要

A novel capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection (CE-ECD) method based on a mechanical pencil copper electrode was developed and applied for the analysis of four free sugars in Lycium barbarum. A commercial polyester enameled copper wire with a core diameter of 550 µm was integrated into a mechanical pencil, and its tip was polished into a disk shape to fabricate a novel mechanical pencil copper disk electrode. Utilizing this electrode, CE-ECD was employed for the determination of four free sugars in Lycium barbarum. Key parameters, including the concentration of NaOH in the background electrolyte, separation voltage, and injection time, were optimized to establish the best detection conditions. Under the optimized conditions—75 mM NaOH solution, a separation voltage of 12 kV, and a 45 cm long fused silica capillary—the four free sugars were effectively separated within 11 min. The current responses exhibited linearity over a concentration range of 1 to 2000 µM, with detection limits (S/N = 3) ranging from 0.35 to 0.89 µM. This method was successfully applied to quantify the four free sugars in Lycium barbarum, producing highly satisfactory results.