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<p>An ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (IL-DLLME) technique with low LODs, high enrichment factors, and reduced solvent use was devised for the extraction and determination of multiclass pesticide residues in tomato samples. The extraction process uses acetone for the initial extraction of pesticides from tomatoes, followed by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction using 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate as the extraction solvent. The critical parameters that affect the extraction efficiency, such as the type and volume of the extraction solvent, the volume of the dispersive solvent, the type and volume of the ionic liquid, pH, and salt addition, were meticulously optimized. Under these optimized conditions, the method exhibited robust linearity (R<sup>2</sup> ≥ 0.9960), low limits of detection (2.0–7.3&#xa0;µg/kg) and quantification (5.6–19.4&#xa0;µg/kg), along with satisfactory precision (RSD ≤ 10.4%) and recovery rates (88.0 to 105.3%) for the pesticides of interest. The proposed method represents a promising tool for routine pesticide monitoring in food quality control laboratories.</p>

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Development of Ionic Liquid-Based Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Assisted by Acetone-Based Salting-Out Extraction for Multiclass Pesticide Quantification in Tomato Using HPLC–DAD

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月18日

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  • Bezuayehu Tadesse Negussie,
  • Simiso Dube,
  • Mathew Muzi Nindi,
  • Asmamaw Tesfaw

摘要

An ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (IL-DLLME) technique with low LODs, high enrichment factors, and reduced solvent use was devised for the extraction and determination of multiclass pesticide residues in tomato samples. The extraction process uses acetone for the initial extraction of pesticides from tomatoes, followed by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction using 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate as the extraction solvent. The critical parameters that affect the extraction efficiency, such as the type and volume of the extraction solvent, the volume of the dispersive solvent, the type and volume of the ionic liquid, pH, and salt addition, were meticulously optimized. Under these optimized conditions, the method exhibited robust linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9960), low limits of detection (2.0–7.3 µg/kg) and quantification (5.6–19.4 µg/kg), along with satisfactory precision (RSD ≤ 10.4%) and recovery rates (88.0 to 105.3%) for the pesticides of interest. The proposed method represents a promising tool for routine pesticide monitoring in food quality control laboratories.