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<p>Ecological barriers represent significant challenges during bird migration, as they imply long non-stop flights over unsuitable habitats. Strategies to limit these energy-costly flights include detours to reduce barrier extent, refuelling stopovers, and exploiting beneficial weather conditions. We tracked eight Ruddy Turnstones (<i>Arenaria interpres</i>) wintering in Western Europe and breeding in Greenland or Canada with GPS devices, successfully recording ten complete and two partial annual migration cycles, and modelled weather effects on departure decisions and flight altitude over ecological barriers. Turnstones travelled on average more than 5000&#xa0;km each way, reaching groundspeeds of 122&#xa0;km/h, altitudes of 4206&#xa0;m, and completing flights of up to 64&#xa0;h covering 3048&#xa0;km. Most turnstones used Iceland as a stepping-stone, although strategies differed across individuals, migratory periods and years. Departure decisions were partly driven by atmospheric pressure in spring, while flight altitude was influenced by multiple weather variables, with their relative importance proving context-dependent. Visibility-related factors potentially outweighed energy expenditure in driving altitude choices. Overall, tracked turnstones adopted an energy-minimization strategy on both migratory periods, though with substantial individual variation. We suggest integrating biological and local factors alongside weather to fully understand shorebird migratory strategies. Our results further underscore the importance of high-quality refuelling sites – particularly in Iceland – for the conservation of this East Atlantic Flyway population.</p>

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Navigating ecological barriers in the North Atlantic: migratory routes, stopover strategies and flight behaviour of Ruddy Turnstones Arenaria interpres

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月29日

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  • Elsa July,
  • Léo Denoual,
  • Frédéric Jiguet,
  • Fanny Rey,
  • Yannig Coulomb,
  • Rose Delacroix,
  • Julie Deschamps,
  • Loïc Jomat,
  • Pierre Rousseau,
  • Antonio Fernández Cordeiro,
  • Pierrick Bocher

摘要

Ecological barriers represent significant challenges during bird migration, as they imply long non-stop flights over unsuitable habitats. Strategies to limit these energy-costly flights include detours to reduce barrier extent, refuelling stopovers, and exploiting beneficial weather conditions. We tracked eight Ruddy Turnstones (Arenaria interpres) wintering in Western Europe and breeding in Greenland or Canada with GPS devices, successfully recording ten complete and two partial annual migration cycles, and modelled weather effects on departure decisions and flight altitude over ecological barriers. Turnstones travelled on average more than 5000 km each way, reaching groundspeeds of 122 km/h, altitudes of 4206 m, and completing flights of up to 64 h covering 3048 km. Most turnstones used Iceland as a stepping-stone, although strategies differed across individuals, migratory periods and years. Departure decisions were partly driven by atmospheric pressure in spring, while flight altitude was influenced by multiple weather variables, with their relative importance proving context-dependent. Visibility-related factors potentially outweighed energy expenditure in driving altitude choices. Overall, tracked turnstones adopted an energy-minimization strategy on both migratory periods, though with substantial individual variation. We suggest integrating biological and local factors alongside weather to fully understand shorebird migratory strategies. Our results further underscore the importance of high-quality refuelling sites – particularly in Iceland – for the conservation of this East Atlantic Flyway population.