<p>Understanding the effects of translocation and landscape connectivity on genetic diversity and population genetic structure provides insights into wildlife population dynamics and management. Wild Turkeys (<i>Meleagris gallopavo</i>) have been restored through translocations and various conservation efforts across the United States of America (USA) during the first half of the twentieth century. This study aimed to estimate the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of male eastern Wild Turkeys (<i>M. g. silvestris</i>; hereafter, Wild Turkeys) in Mississippi, USA. We tested the effects of isolation by distance (IBD) and isolation by resistance (IBR) on the population genetic structure of male Wild Turkeys. We genotyped 222 male Wild Turkeys harvested in spring across Mississippi using ten microsatellite markers. We identified three distinct genetic clusters among the genotyped Wild Turkeys. However, the three clusters did not have clear geographic boundaries. Our findings did not support the predictions of either the IBD or IBR models. Nevertheless, spatial autocorrelation analysis demonstrated a statistically significant positive correlation of microsatellite allelic frequencies within the maximum effective dispersal distance of male Wild Turkeys. The absence of IBD and IBR genetic patterns, along with positive spatial autocorrelation and short dispersal distances, indicates isolation by colonization induced by the historical translocations of Wild Turkeys.</p>