<p>Vultures are obligate scavengers that have long been regarded as a systematic entity. However, phylogenetic studies show that the scavenging lifestyle evolved in three distinct phylogenetic lineages of raptors [New World Vultures (Cathartidae), Bearded, Palm-nut, Egyptian Vultures (Gypaetinae) and Griffon and Cinereous Vultures (Aegypiinae)]. In particular, the Gypaetinae show a number of special traits (territoriality, bone eating, plant food, cosmetic use) that are absent in other vultures. Whilst New World vultures and Aegypiinae are obligate scavengers and correspond most closely to the functional phenotype “vulture”, the Gypaetinae form a specialised evolutionary lineage in which the utilisation of remains left over from “real meat-eating” vultures is a central theme. Here we review the morphology, breeding biology, behaviour and ecology of vultures in a phylogenetic perspective and map the traits on a phylogenetic tree. Analysing the evolution of traits in vultures and their molecular phylogeny, the 23 species are far from being a monophyletic group. Therefore, it makes no sense to place them in a common taxonomic group. Instead, as more or less specialised scavengers, they form an eco-functional group that has developed common characteristics through convergence due to the same specialisation. Our findings show that the three vulture clades, particularly the group of Bearded, Egyptian and Palm-nut Vultures (subfamily Gypaetinae), differ greatly in their genetics, biology and behaviour. The Gypaetinae, thus, occupy a special place amongst the vultures bridging the gap with typically predatory raptors.</p>