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<p>The Needle-billed Hermit <i>Phaethornis philippii</i> is a monotypic species of hummingbird, endemic to the humid forests of western and Central Amazonia. It occurs in eastern Peru, northern Bolivia and part of Brazil, south of the Solimões and the Amazon rivers and west of the Tapajós River. Despite being included in some previous works, the evolutionary history of the species has been poorly studied. To fill in this gap, in the present work, we seek to (1) review the taxonomy of the species through morphological and molecular characters, in addition to (2) propose a phylogenetic hypothesis for the lineages grouped in <i>P. philippii</i> and to (3) investigate its historical diversification, comparing it with biogeographic scenarios already proposed for the Amazon. Our analyzes revealed six reciprocally monophyletic lineages within <i>P. philippii</i> and suggest that the diversification is recent and occurred during the Pleistocene between approximately 2.5 and 0.3 million years. The diversification of <i>Phaethornis philippii</i> has been apparently influenced by the dynamics of major Amazonian rivers, which acted as geographical barriers for lineages of this species<i>.</i> Moreover, a scenario of allopatric diversification between lineages having their distributions limited by narrower rivers such as the Aripuanã, Jiparaná and Tarauacá rivers, reinforce the hypothesis that drainage-capture events in the Amazon basin have had an important role on the genetic structure and diversification of the local biota. Our study also sheds light on the historical population dynamics of this species.</p>

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Revealing hidden diversity: molecular insights into a monotypic Amazonian hummingbird species

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月5日

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  • Nayron Francês do Nascimento,
  • Tânia Fontes Quaresma,
  • Romina Batista,
  • Alexandre Aleixo

摘要

The Needle-billed Hermit Phaethornis philippii is a monotypic species of hummingbird, endemic to the humid forests of western and Central Amazonia. It occurs in eastern Peru, northern Bolivia and part of Brazil, south of the Solimões and the Amazon rivers and west of the Tapajós River. Despite being included in some previous works, the evolutionary history of the species has been poorly studied. To fill in this gap, in the present work, we seek to (1) review the taxonomy of the species through morphological and molecular characters, in addition to (2) propose a phylogenetic hypothesis for the lineages grouped in P. philippii and to (3) investigate its historical diversification, comparing it with biogeographic scenarios already proposed for the Amazon. Our analyzes revealed six reciprocally monophyletic lineages within P. philippii and suggest that the diversification is recent and occurred during the Pleistocene between approximately 2.5 and 0.3 million years. The diversification of Phaethornis philippii has been apparently influenced by the dynamics of major Amazonian rivers, which acted as geographical barriers for lineages of this species. Moreover, a scenario of allopatric diversification between lineages having their distributions limited by narrower rivers such as the Aripuanã, Jiparaná and Tarauacá rivers, reinforce the hypothesis that drainage-capture events in the Amazon basin have had an important role on the genetic structure and diversification of the local biota. Our study also sheds light on the historical population dynamics of this species.