Abundance, breeding records, and nest site characteristics of the critically endangered Hooded Vulture (Necrosyrtes monachus) in and around Chelekleka wetland, Ethiopia

Ethiopia is rich in vulture species diversity and is considered an important area for conserving African vultures. However, little is known about the status of the different vulture populations and their breeding requirements in the country. This study investigated the abundance, breeding, and nest site characteristics of Hooded Vultures (Necrosyrtes monachus), in and around Chelekleka wetland from November 2020 to August 2022. The Hooded Vultures were counted using vantage points. We assessed nest site characteristics by measuring various nest and control tree parameters. During the study period, a mean of 61 individuals (SD ± 15) was recorded and the abundance varied significantly between months. Eleven breeding pairs of Hooded Vultures were recorded in the forest habitat around Chelekleka wetland. The vultures bred from March to August indicated that the breeding season varies slightly between pairs. Hooded Vulture nest site selection was determined by woodlot characteristics, such as tree height, diameter at breast height, percentage of open space around the maximum diameter of the tree crown, and foliage cover of the nesting and control trees. The wetland and surrounding forest patches are important foraging, breeding, perching, and roosting habitats for Hooded Vultures and other bird species. However, anthropogenic activities, such as cutting off potential nesting trees, land-use change, and lack of community awareness about the ecological importance of vultures, are major threats in the area. Hence, continuous monitoring of the hooded vulture population and protection of potential breeding habitat, especially the remnant forest patches, is needed to conserve these birds.