The nest position and bank height of a bee-eater colony affect the likelihood of nest loss due to predation

We examined the nest loss due to predation of European Bee-eaters (Merops apiaster) during the period their colony was frequented by Caspian Whipsnakes (Dolichophis caspius). In 12 out of 38 previously identified active nests, we did not record any nestlings after observing snake activity. Both the relative nest position and the total bank height were negative significant predictors of predation. The observed impact of predation likely stems from increased snake activity during the bee-eater breeding season and easier access of snakes to ground-level or high-bank nests. This underscores the importance of factoring snake predation into conservation plans for bee-eaters.