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Objective <p>To develop and evaluate a free-breathing 2D radial joint T₁–T₂ mapping technique for the kidneys at 3T, and to assess the impact of navigator gating parameters on mapping accuracy in a phantom and precision in healthy volunteers.</p> Methods <p>The PARMANav sequence (PArametric Radial MApping with Navigator gating) was implemented with 25 single-shot radial gradient-echo acquisitions with five magnetization preparations and lung-liver navigator gating to avoid through-plane motion. Images were reconstructed using region-optimized virtual coils and compressed sensing, followed by model-based registration. An acquisition-specific joint T₁–T₂ dictionary was generated using extended phase-graph simulations. T<sub>1</sub>–T<sub>2</sub> accuracy was quantified in a phantom and T<sub>1</sub>–T<sub>2</sub> precision was established in 10 healthy volunteers. Three patients were scanned to demonstrate clinical feasibility.</p> Results <p>In the phantom, PARMANav T<sub>1</sub>–T<sub>2</sub> accuracy was high and insensitive to rejected navigators (&lt; 5% variation for T<sub>1</sub> and T<sub>2</sub>). In vivo PARMANav T<sub>1</sub> and T<sub>2</sub> values were higher than routine values but less variable, both per subject and between subjects: cortex PARMANav T<sub>1</sub> = 1601 ± 48&#xa0;ms/T<sub>2</sub> = 90.8 ± 5.0&#xa0;ms vs routine T<sub>1</sub> = 1307 ± 108&#xa0;ms/T<sub>2</sub> = 73.3 ± 8.0&#xa0;ms, medulla PARMANav T<sub>1</sub> = 2044 ± 82&#xa0;ms/T<sub>2</sub> = 90.3 ± 5.4&#xa0;ms and routine T<sub>1</sub> = 1560 ± 122&#xa0;ms/T<sub>2</sub> = 67.6 ± 5.8&#xa0;ms. No T<sub>1</sub> or T<sub>2</sub> trend was observed for the different NAWW. High-quality maps were obtained in the patients.</p> Conclusion <p>With accuracy confirmed in the phantom study and precision demonstrated in volunteers, PARMANav allows for precise and accurate renal joint T<sub>1</sub>–T<sub>2</sub> mapping during free-breathing while minimizing through-plane motion.</p>

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Navigator-gated free-breathing joint T1–T2 mapping of the kidney

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月5日

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  • Pauline Calarnou,
  • Augustin C. Ogier,
  • Christopher W. Roy,
  • Jean-Baptiste Ledoux,
  • Angela Rocca,
  • Stanislas Rapacchi,
  • Menno Pruijm,
  • Roger Hullin,
  • Jean-Paul Vallée,
  • Jérôme Yerly,
  • Ruud B. van Heeswijk

摘要

Objective

To develop and evaluate a free-breathing 2D radial joint T₁–T₂ mapping technique for the kidneys at 3T, and to assess the impact of navigator gating parameters on mapping accuracy in a phantom and precision in healthy volunteers.

Methods

The PARMANav sequence (PArametric Radial MApping with Navigator gating) was implemented with 25 single-shot radial gradient-echo acquisitions with five magnetization preparations and lung-liver navigator gating to avoid through-plane motion. Images were reconstructed using region-optimized virtual coils and compressed sensing, followed by model-based registration. An acquisition-specific joint T₁–T₂ dictionary was generated using extended phase-graph simulations. T1–T2 accuracy was quantified in a phantom and T1–T2 precision was established in 10 healthy volunteers. Three patients were scanned to demonstrate clinical feasibility.

Results

In the phantom, PARMANav T1–T2 accuracy was high and insensitive to rejected navigators (< 5% variation for T1 and T2). In vivo PARMANav T1 and T2 values were higher than routine values but less variable, both per subject and between subjects: cortex PARMANav T1 = 1601 ± 48 ms/T2 = 90.8 ± 5.0 ms vs routine T1 = 1307 ± 108 ms/T2 = 73.3 ± 8.0 ms, medulla PARMANav T1 = 2044 ± 82 ms/T2 = 90.3 ± 5.4 ms and routine T1 = 1560 ± 122 ms/T2 = 67.6 ± 5.8 ms. No T1 or T2 trend was observed for the different NAWW. High-quality maps were obtained in the patients.

Conclusion

With accuracy confirmed in the phantom study and precision demonstrated in volunteers, PARMANav allows for precise and accurate renal joint T1–T2 mapping during free-breathing while minimizing through-plane motion.