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<p>Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) is a vital staple crop, especially in Bangladesh, where effective water and nutrient management are crucial for maintaining high yields amidst growing environmental challenges. This study explores the effects of alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation, in combination with varying nitrogen (N) fertilizer levels, on rice yield, resource use efficiency, and soil physicochemical properties. The experiment, conducted during the dry Boro season at Bangladesh Agricultural University, employed a randomized complete block design with three replications, comprising eight treatment combinations—conventional flooding irrigation (CI) and AWD, each tested with four nitrogen fertilizer levels (full (F1), 25% reduced (F2), 50% reduced (F3), and zero application (F0))—resulting in 24 total plots (3 blocks × 8 treatments). Key parameters measured included plant height, tiller count, leaf area index, grain yield, straw yield, water use efficiency (WUE), nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and soil physicochemical properties. The results indicated that AWD irrigation significantly enhanced WUE, with the highest value recorded in the AWDF2 treatment (0.104 ± 0.0057 t/ha/cm), marking a 48% improvement over the CIF1 treatment. Grain yield under AWDF2 was comparable to that of conventional flooding (CIF1), achieving 6.13 ± 0.34 t/ha versus 6.6 ± 0.28 t/ha, respectively. Furthermore, AWD treatments demonstrated superior NUE, with AWDF3 achieving 30.65 ± 3.18 kg grain/kg N, highlighting improved nitrogen utilization under AWD conditions. Principal component analysis showed that AWDF2 outperformed other treatments in terms of yield, WUE, and NUE, with a strong positive correlation observed among these parameters. Post-harvest soil analysis revealed that AWD treatments enhanced soil health by increasing pH, electrical conductivity, and cation exchange capacity, while maintaining adequate nutrient levels. These findings suggest that AWD, when combined with optimized nitrogen management, can sustain high rice yields, improve water and nitrogen use efficiencies, and enhance soil health. This study offers valuable insights for sustainable rice production practices in Bangladesh and other rice-growing regions.</p>

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Rice yield, water and nitrogen use efficiencies, and soil physicochemical properties as influenced by alternate wetting and drying coupled with N-fertilizer interactions in Bangladesh

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月24日

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  • Md. Touhidul Islam,
  • Abdullah Al Ferdaus,
  • Jannatun Nahar Lia,
  • Nusrat Jahan,
  • Mst. Sumaia Akter Queen,
  • Mohammad Golam Kibria,
  • A. K. M. Adham

摘要

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a vital staple crop, especially in Bangladesh, where effective water and nutrient management are crucial for maintaining high yields amidst growing environmental challenges. This study explores the effects of alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation, in combination with varying nitrogen (N) fertilizer levels, on rice yield, resource use efficiency, and soil physicochemical properties. The experiment, conducted during the dry Boro season at Bangladesh Agricultural University, employed a randomized complete block design with three replications, comprising eight treatment combinations—conventional flooding irrigation (CI) and AWD, each tested with four nitrogen fertilizer levels (full (F1), 25% reduced (F2), 50% reduced (F3), and zero application (F0))—resulting in 24 total plots (3 blocks × 8 treatments). Key parameters measured included plant height, tiller count, leaf area index, grain yield, straw yield, water use efficiency (WUE), nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and soil physicochemical properties. The results indicated that AWD irrigation significantly enhanced WUE, with the highest value recorded in the AWDF2 treatment (0.104 ± 0.0057 t/ha/cm), marking a 48% improvement over the CIF1 treatment. Grain yield under AWDF2 was comparable to that of conventional flooding (CIF1), achieving 6.13 ± 0.34 t/ha versus 6.6 ± 0.28 t/ha, respectively. Furthermore, AWD treatments demonstrated superior NUE, with AWDF3 achieving 30.65 ± 3.18 kg grain/kg N, highlighting improved nitrogen utilization under AWD conditions. Principal component analysis showed that AWDF2 outperformed other treatments in terms of yield, WUE, and NUE, with a strong positive correlation observed among these parameters. Post-harvest soil analysis revealed that AWD treatments enhanced soil health by increasing pH, electrical conductivity, and cation exchange capacity, while maintaining adequate nutrient levels. These findings suggest that AWD, when combined with optimized nitrogen management, can sustain high rice yields, improve water and nitrogen use efficiencies, and enhance soil health. This study offers valuable insights for sustainable rice production practices in Bangladesh and other rice-growing regions.