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<p>A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2019–20 and 2020–21 to evaluate the impact of integrated crop management (ICM) practices on crop growth, yields, nutrient uptake pattern, water productivity, and profitability of rice under rice–wheat rotation (RWR): integrated crop management, i.e., ICM<sub>1&amp;2</sub>-conventional transplanted (CT) rice, ICM<sub>3&amp;4</sub>-conventional direct-seeded rice (DSR) without residues, ICM<sub>5&amp;6</sub>-conservation agriculture (CA)-based zero-tilled (ZT) DSR with retained wheat residues, and ICM<sub>7&amp;8</sub>-CA-based ZT-DSR with retained wheat and mungbean residues. The CA-based ICM<sub>7-8</sub> had greater growth parameters and yield attributes compared to CT-based ICM<sub>1-4</sub>. Similarly, irrespective of the years, ICM<sub>7&amp;8</sub> results in 4.6–13.8% greater grain yield than the ICM<sub>1-2</sub>. In addition, the protein yield under ICM<sub>7</sub> and ICM<sub>8</sub> was enhanced by 10.0–34.0% and 13.6–33.4% over the ICM<sub>1-6</sub>. The grain and straw nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) content remain similar across the treatments and years. Nevertheless, ICM<sub>7&amp;8</sub> had the highest grain, straw, and total N, P, and K uptake in both the years. The total water used under ICM<sub>1&amp;2</sub> was 15.2–16.4% greater compared to ICM<sub>3-8</sub>, while the total and irrigation water productivity under CA-based ICM<sub>7-8</sub> was enhanced to the tune of 13.7–27.0 and 26.1–35.1% compared to ICM<sub>1&amp;2</sub>. Subsequently, CA-based ICM<sub>7-8</sub> reduced the production costs by 10.9–12.4% over ICM<sub>1-2</sub> while the net return was increased by 22.1–41.3% compared to ICM<sub>1-6</sub>. Thus, CA-based zero-tilled direct-seeded rice with residue retention can be propounded as a resource saving sustainable rice production under semi-arid region and similar ecologies.</p>

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Integrated crop management practices for rice: impact on crop growth, yield, nutrient acquisition, water productivity, and farm profitability

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月16日

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  • Niraj Biswakarma,
  • R. R. Zhiipao,
  • N. C. Gulleibi,
  • Khanindra Baishya,
  • Nilab Talukdar,
  • Badapmain Makdoh,
  • S. Hazarika,
  • V. K. Mishra

摘要

A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2019–20 and 2020–21 to evaluate the impact of integrated crop management (ICM) practices on crop growth, yields, nutrient uptake pattern, water productivity, and profitability of rice under rice–wheat rotation (RWR): integrated crop management, i.e., ICM1&2-conventional transplanted (CT) rice, ICM3&4-conventional direct-seeded rice (DSR) without residues, ICM5&6-conservation agriculture (CA)-based zero-tilled (ZT) DSR with retained wheat residues, and ICM7&8-CA-based ZT-DSR with retained wheat and mungbean residues. The CA-based ICM7-8 had greater growth parameters and yield attributes compared to CT-based ICM1-4. Similarly, irrespective of the years, ICM7&8 results in 4.6–13.8% greater grain yield than the ICM1-2. In addition, the protein yield under ICM7 and ICM8 was enhanced by 10.0–34.0% and 13.6–33.4% over the ICM1-6. The grain and straw nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) content remain similar across the treatments and years. Nevertheless, ICM7&8 had the highest grain, straw, and total N, P, and K uptake in both the years. The total water used under ICM1&2 was 15.2–16.4% greater compared to ICM3-8, while the total and irrigation water productivity under CA-based ICM7-8 was enhanced to the tune of 13.7–27.0 and 26.1–35.1% compared to ICM1&2. Subsequently, CA-based ICM7-8 reduced the production costs by 10.9–12.4% over ICM1-2 while the net return was increased by 22.1–41.3% compared to ICM1-6. Thus, CA-based zero-tilled direct-seeded rice with residue retention can be propounded as a resource saving sustainable rice production under semi-arid region and similar ecologies.