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<p>Polystyrene nanoplastics have emerged as a group of contaminants of significant concern. Their nanoscale size ranging from 1 to 1000&#xa0;nm and physicochemical properties induce toxic effects in various tissues and organs upon entering organisms. Polystyrene nanoplastics accumulate in the central nervous system, triggering neurotoxicity through pathways like oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage. Here we review the neurotoxic effects of polystyrene nanoplastics. The main points include direct toxic effects of polystyrene nanoplastics on neuronal cells, including increased oxidative stress and apoptosis; the impairment of learning and memory by polystyrene nanoplastics; and the neurotoxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics in early animal embryos, resulting in developmental abnormalities and behavioral deficits. The effects of particle size and surface charge were also discussed. A significant increase, of more than 50% in some studies, in neuronal oxidative stress and apoptosis has been reported. Studies indicate that the core neurotoxicity mechanism of polystyrene nanoplastics is an oxidative stress-mitochondrial damage-apoptosis cascade. This pathway is observed across various life stages, from embryonic development to adult cognition, and forms the basis of the multifaceted neurological risks posed by polystyrene nanoplastics.</p>

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Polystyrene nanoplastic-induced neurotoxicity and potential mechanisms: a review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月19日

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  • Weiwei Wang,
  • Xiaolei Liu,
  • Yuncheng Bai,
  • Jie Wu,
  • Yingying Zhang,
  • Haoran Xing,
  • Mier Li,
  • Tianhao Bao

摘要

Polystyrene nanoplastics have emerged as a group of contaminants of significant concern. Their nanoscale size ranging from 1 to 1000 nm and physicochemical properties induce toxic effects in various tissues and organs upon entering organisms. Polystyrene nanoplastics accumulate in the central nervous system, triggering neurotoxicity through pathways like oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage. Here we review the neurotoxic effects of polystyrene nanoplastics. The main points include direct toxic effects of polystyrene nanoplastics on neuronal cells, including increased oxidative stress and apoptosis; the impairment of learning and memory by polystyrene nanoplastics; and the neurotoxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics in early animal embryos, resulting in developmental abnormalities and behavioral deficits. The effects of particle size and surface charge were also discussed. A significant increase, of more than 50% in some studies, in neuronal oxidative stress and apoptosis has been reported. Studies indicate that the core neurotoxicity mechanism of polystyrene nanoplastics is an oxidative stress-mitochondrial damage-apoptosis cascade. This pathway is observed across various life stages, from embryonic development to adult cognition, and forms the basis of the multifaceted neurological risks posed by polystyrene nanoplastics.