Epilepsia partialis continua: Kozhevnikov and his German contemporaries

Epilepsia partialis continua (EPC), or focal motor status epilepticus, is a severe seizure presentation with poor response to conventional anti-seizure medication. The historical context of the initial case descriptions remains underappreciated, as English translations so far are only available for some of the contemporary sources, which were published in both German and Russian. Here, I translate the initial case report by Kozhevnikov and highlight that EPC was concurrently described by a German neurologist, Ludwig Bruns. This study elucidates the historical origins and later research directions of EPC from the perspective of modern epileptology.