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<p>Since the 1990s, Japan and the European Union (EU) have steadily broadened their bilateral relationship beyond the economic and trade areas. The conclusion of a Security and Defence Partnership in November 2024 marked a further major step forward in the bilateral relations. Japan’s evolving security partnership with the EU is driven by the rapidly changing regional and global strategic environment in the wake of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022 and the intensifying USA-China rivalry under the second Donald J. Trump administration. Shared Japan-EU concerns over the erosion of the rules-based international order, supply chain vulnerabilities, and technological dependencies have fostered closer bilateral cooperation. As a result, China’s rise has become a key factor behind the strengthening of Japan’s security partnership with the EU, reflecting the complexity of Japan’s geopolitical and geoeconomic uncertainties in times of global power shifts.</p>

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A complex challenge: how China shapes Japan’s security partnership with the EU 

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月17日

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  • Elena Atanassova-Cornelis

摘要

Since the 1990s, Japan and the European Union (EU) have steadily broadened their bilateral relationship beyond the economic and trade areas. The conclusion of a Security and Defence Partnership in November 2024 marked a further major step forward in the bilateral relations. Japan’s evolving security partnership with the EU is driven by the rapidly changing regional and global strategic environment in the wake of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022 and the intensifying USA-China rivalry under the second Donald J. Trump administration. Shared Japan-EU concerns over the erosion of the rules-based international order, supply chain vulnerabilities, and technological dependencies have fostered closer bilateral cooperation. As a result, China’s rise has become a key factor behind the strengthening of Japan’s security partnership with the EU, reflecting the complexity of Japan’s geopolitical and geoeconomic uncertainties in times of global power shifts.