<p>The topic of fertility preservation in oncological and nononcological diseases is constantly evolving. Accordingly, the indications and measures must be continuously adapted to current developments. The correct indications for or against fertility preservation procedures are essential to provide the optimal care for the patients and to avoid overtreatment and undertreatment. The assessment of the indications is based on generally valid criteria but must also be disease-specific and individualized. Pharmacotherapeutic measures and cryoconservation of gametes and ovarian and testicular tissue as well as surgical possibilities are available. The choice of technique depends on the risk of infertility, the required and provided time frame for fertility-protective treatment, the age of the patient and the disease itself. Fertility preservation procedures should only be carried out within a&#xa0;network of oncological and other disease-specific centers and highly specialized infertility centers.</p>