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<p>The ovary represents a&#xa0;frequent target of autoimmune reactions, which can lead to various forms of ovarian dysfunction, including Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). Several immunological mechanisms contributing to ovarian damage have been described. These include the formation of different autoantibodies directed against ovarian structures, often in association with other autoimmune diseases. In addition, alterations in the composition and function of T and B&#xa0;cell subpopulations, as well as dysregulation of the cytokine network, are thought to play a&#xa0;crucial role in the pathogenesis of POI. Women with POI have a&#xa0;significantly increased risk of developing additional autoimmune disorders, particularly autoimmune thyroiditis and autoimmune adrenal insufficiency. Recent studies also showed that genetic factors could be closely linked to immunological mechanisms involved in POI. Therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring ovarian function remain limited and are subject to ongoing debate. Immunomodulatory treatment approaches are currently used empirically in selected cases and are being investigated in clinical trials. The aim of this review is to elucidate the role of autoimmune mechanisms in POI, including the underlying cellular and humoral mechanisms as well as the association with other autoimmune diseases. Finally, diagnostic and therapeutic options are discussed.</p>

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Ursachen der Prämaturen Ovarialinsuffizienz – welche Rolle spielt das Immunsystem

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月13日

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  • Helena Bralo,
  • Christian J. Thaler,
  • Katrin Schaudig,
  • Nina Rogenhofer

摘要

The ovary represents a frequent target of autoimmune reactions, which can lead to various forms of ovarian dysfunction, including Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). Several immunological mechanisms contributing to ovarian damage have been described. These include the formation of different autoantibodies directed against ovarian structures, often in association with other autoimmune diseases. In addition, alterations in the composition and function of T and B cell subpopulations, as well as dysregulation of the cytokine network, are thought to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of POI. Women with POI have a significantly increased risk of developing additional autoimmune disorders, particularly autoimmune thyroiditis and autoimmune adrenal insufficiency. Recent studies also showed that genetic factors could be closely linked to immunological mechanisms involved in POI. Therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring ovarian function remain limited and are subject to ongoing debate. Immunomodulatory treatment approaches are currently used empirically in selected cases and are being investigated in clinical trials. The aim of this review is to elucidate the role of autoimmune mechanisms in POI, including the underlying cellular and humoral mechanisms as well as the association with other autoimmune diseases. Finally, diagnostic and therapeutic options are discussed.