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<p>Precise baseline determination (PBD) is important for formation-flying low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellites. This study presents a robust and enhanced PBD model that integrates the M-estimation method, spaceborne accelerometer measurements, and intersatellite ranging data into traditional GNSS-based reduced-dynamic PBD processing. The model is verified using two months of real data from the GRACE and GRACE Follow-On (GRACE-FO) missions. Compared to conventional least-squares-estimation reduced-dynamic GNSS-based PBD relying on empirical non-gravitational force models, the joint use of the M-estimation method and accelerometer measurements improves the K-band ranging (KBR) check precisions from 0.67 to 0.40 mm for GRACE and from 0.63 to 0.40 mm for GRACE-FO, representing improvements of 40% and 37%, respectively. Frequency-domain analysis further reveals that the two enhancements have distinct spectral contributions. Accelerometer measurements predominantly reduce KBR residuals within the 1 to 2 cycles per revolution (cpr) band, while the M-estimation method effectively reduces residuals across the entire frequency range below 2 cpr. When these two enhancement methods are used together, they achieve a greater reduction in the root mean square (RMS) of KBR residuals than when either method is used individually, reflecting the non-additive coupling as they enhance the solution from different aspects in observation and force domains. Additionally, incorporating high-precision intersatellite ranging measurements, including KBR and the laser ranging interferometer (LRI), further refines the KBR check precisions to approximately 0.12 mm for GRACE and 0.17 mm for GRACE-FO. Baseline solution comparisons indicate that these ranging measurements contribute primarily to the along-track direction.</p>

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Robust and enhanced precise baseline determination using spaceborne GNSS, accelerometer and intersatellite ranging measurements

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月7日

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  • Kai Shao,
  • Tao Jiang,
  • Chunbo Wei,
  • Bin Yi,
  • Defeng Gu

摘要

Precise baseline determination (PBD) is important for formation-flying low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellites. This study presents a robust and enhanced PBD model that integrates the M-estimation method, spaceborne accelerometer measurements, and intersatellite ranging data into traditional GNSS-based reduced-dynamic PBD processing. The model is verified using two months of real data from the GRACE and GRACE Follow-On (GRACE-FO) missions. Compared to conventional least-squares-estimation reduced-dynamic GNSS-based PBD relying on empirical non-gravitational force models, the joint use of the M-estimation method and accelerometer measurements improves the K-band ranging (KBR) check precisions from 0.67 to 0.40 mm for GRACE and from 0.63 to 0.40 mm for GRACE-FO, representing improvements of 40% and 37%, respectively. Frequency-domain analysis further reveals that the two enhancements have distinct spectral contributions. Accelerometer measurements predominantly reduce KBR residuals within the 1 to 2 cycles per revolution (cpr) band, while the M-estimation method effectively reduces residuals across the entire frequency range below 2 cpr. When these two enhancement methods are used together, they achieve a greater reduction in the root mean square (RMS) of KBR residuals than when either method is used individually, reflecting the non-additive coupling as they enhance the solution from different aspects in observation and force domains. Additionally, incorporating high-precision intersatellite ranging measurements, including KBR and the laser ranging interferometer (LRI), further refines the KBR check precisions to approximately 0.12 mm for GRACE and 0.17 mm for GRACE-FO. Baseline solution comparisons indicate that these ranging measurements contribute primarily to the along-track direction.