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<p>In integer ambiguity resolution enabled precise point positioning (PPP-RTK), satellite orbit information is a critical system input. Existing processing strategies generally fall into two categories: estimating satellite orbits as unknown parameters or fixing them using external orbit products. High-precision orbit determination typically relies on globally distributed GNSS networks. When fixed orbit strategies are adopted, two primary sources are available: broadcast ephemeris and precise orbit products. Although broadcast ephemeris are freely and independently available, their limited precision restricts their applicability to small-scale services, where orbit biases can largely be absorbed into the estimated satellite clock offsets. Precise orbit products, on the other hand, provide the required accuracy but, similar to estimating satellite orbits, depend on extensive external infrastructure. To overcome the limitations of both approaches in a regional service context, this contribution proposes a unified PPP-RTK network framework in which all satellite-related parameters, including orbital bias corrections, clock offsets, and instrumental biases, are estimated simultaneously using only <i>regional</i> GNSS network observations. We also investigate the impact of time-delayed corrections on user positioning performance. An optimized correction packaging strategy is developed, demonstrating that strongly correlated satellite orbit and clock bias corrections should be transmitted with similar sending rates to users. Experiments are conducted using a regional GPS network covering most of mainland Europe. The results validate the proposed framework in terms of user positioning performance and provide quantitative assessments of the maximum acceptable correction latency for individual correction types.</p>

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Regionally-derived orbit corrections in PPP-RTK: methodology and performance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月10日

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  • Cheng Ke,
  • Amir Khodabandeh,
  • Baocheng Zhang

摘要

In integer ambiguity resolution enabled precise point positioning (PPP-RTK), satellite orbit information is a critical system input. Existing processing strategies generally fall into two categories: estimating satellite orbits as unknown parameters or fixing them using external orbit products. High-precision orbit determination typically relies on globally distributed GNSS networks. When fixed orbit strategies are adopted, two primary sources are available: broadcast ephemeris and precise orbit products. Although broadcast ephemeris are freely and independently available, their limited precision restricts their applicability to small-scale services, where orbit biases can largely be absorbed into the estimated satellite clock offsets. Precise orbit products, on the other hand, provide the required accuracy but, similar to estimating satellite orbits, depend on extensive external infrastructure. To overcome the limitations of both approaches in a regional service context, this contribution proposes a unified PPP-RTK network framework in which all satellite-related parameters, including orbital bias corrections, clock offsets, and instrumental biases, are estimated simultaneously using only regional GNSS network observations. We also investigate the impact of time-delayed corrections on user positioning performance. An optimized correction packaging strategy is developed, demonstrating that strongly correlated satellite orbit and clock bias corrections should be transmitted with similar sending rates to users. Experiments are conducted using a regional GPS network covering most of mainland Europe. The results validate the proposed framework in terms of user positioning performance and provide quantitative assessments of the maximum acceptable correction latency for individual correction types.