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<p>This paper evaluates the accuracy and quality of International GNSS Service (IGS) combined Global Ionospheric Maps (GIMs), with a specific focus on the real-time product (IRTG) compared to the rapid (IGRG) and final (IGSG) combined solutions. The analysis employs independent validation datasets, including Jason-3 altimetry-derived vertical total electron content (VTEC) and DORIS-based differential slant TEC (dSTEC). Additionally, the evaluation in the positioning domain was performed using Single-Frequency Precise Point Positioning (SF-PPP). The results reveal that IGSG and IGRG provide the highest accuracy and temporal stability, whereas IRTG offers promising performance under dynamic ionospheric conditions, including geomagnetic disturbances. Although IRTG exhibits larger variability relative to post-processed GIM solutions, it achieves comparable positioning performance, confirming its potential for operational use in real-time applications. The analysis also highlights the importance of expanding observational coverage in equatorial regions and refining ionospheric modeling techniques to improve the accuracy and reliability of real-time GIMs across diverse GNSS operations.</p>

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Real-time versus postprocessing IGS combined global TEC maps: examined by Jason-3 altimetry and DORIS observations

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月27日

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  • Ang Li,
  • Ningbo Wang,
  • Zishen Li,
  • Ang Liu,
  • Yang Li,
  • Liang Wang,
  • Bingcheng Liu

摘要

This paper evaluates the accuracy and quality of International GNSS Service (IGS) combined Global Ionospheric Maps (GIMs), with a specific focus on the real-time product (IRTG) compared to the rapid (IGRG) and final (IGSG) combined solutions. The analysis employs independent validation datasets, including Jason-3 altimetry-derived vertical total electron content (VTEC) and DORIS-based differential slant TEC (dSTEC). Additionally, the evaluation in the positioning domain was performed using Single-Frequency Precise Point Positioning (SF-PPP). The results reveal that IGSG and IGRG provide the highest accuracy and temporal stability, whereas IRTG offers promising performance under dynamic ionospheric conditions, including geomagnetic disturbances. Although IRTG exhibits larger variability relative to post-processed GIM solutions, it achieves comparable positioning performance, confirming its potential for operational use in real-time applications. The analysis also highlights the importance of expanding observational coverage in equatorial regions and refining ionospheric modeling techniques to improve the accuracy and reliability of real-time GIMs across diverse GNSS operations.