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<p>The existing Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) face challenges in providing high-precision Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) services in cislunar space. Therefore, we propose an Earth–Moon navigation architecture and select Elliptical Lunar Frozen Orbit (ELFO) and Halo orbit to construct the lunar navigation constellations for users at the Lunar South Pole (SP) and Earth–Moon Space. After the orbital characteristics were analyzed in detail, two constellations were designed to achieve single and quadruple coverage of the Lunar SP, respectively, to meet the needs of communication and navigation. For autonomous orbit determination and time synchronization, the use of Inter-Satellite Links (ISLs) observations has enabled the ELFO and Halo orbits to achieve positional accuracies better than 10&#xa0;m and 30&#xa0;m, respectively. Moreover, the time synchronization precision has been refined to nanosecond level. The navigation performance of the constellation has also been analyzed. Integrating the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) and a lunar navigation constellation can provide navigation performance better than 50&#xa0;m for users in lunar transfer Orbits and better than 10&#xa0;m for users at the Lunar SP, offering valuable reference for future research.</p>

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Lunar navigation satellite system for the South Pole and Earth–Moon space: constellation design and performance evaluation with integrated BDS

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月1日

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  • Dixing Wang,
  • Tianhe Xu,
  • Min Li,
  • Yinan Meng,
  • Weiguang Gao,
  • Dianwei Cong,
  • Shuai Wang,
  • Yali Shi,
  • Bei He

摘要

The existing Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) face challenges in providing high-precision Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) services in cislunar space. Therefore, we propose an Earth–Moon navigation architecture and select Elliptical Lunar Frozen Orbit (ELFO) and Halo orbit to construct the lunar navigation constellations for users at the Lunar South Pole (SP) and Earth–Moon Space. After the orbital characteristics were analyzed in detail, two constellations were designed to achieve single and quadruple coverage of the Lunar SP, respectively, to meet the needs of communication and navigation. For autonomous orbit determination and time synchronization, the use of Inter-Satellite Links (ISLs) observations has enabled the ELFO and Halo orbits to achieve positional accuracies better than 10 m and 30 m, respectively. Moreover, the time synchronization precision has been refined to nanosecond level. The navigation performance of the constellation has also been analyzed. Integrating the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) and a lunar navigation constellation can provide navigation performance better than 50 m for users in lunar transfer Orbits and better than 10 m for users at the Lunar SP, offering valuable reference for future research.