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<p>This paper studies how export participation influences firm-provided training, a key but understudied channel of human capital accumulation. Using firm-level data for over 100 countries, I document that exporters are more likely to train their workers than non-exporters. To assess causality, I exploit industry-level exchange rate shocks and find that real appreciations, especially those heightening import competition, lead to more firms entering export markets and providing training. These patterns are consistent with a heterogeneous-firm model in which exporting and training are complementary due to higher export revenues and productivity gains from training investments. By reallocating sales toward the most productive producers, import competition leads to more firms finding it profitable to export and provide training. These findings highlight a novel mechanism through which trade openness promotes firm-level productivity and skill formation.</p>

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Training investments and exporting: theory and evidence

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月9日

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  • Victor Zuluaga

摘要

This paper studies how export participation influences firm-provided training, a key but understudied channel of human capital accumulation. Using firm-level data for over 100 countries, I document that exporters are more likely to train their workers than non-exporters. To assess causality, I exploit industry-level exchange rate shocks and find that real appreciations, especially those heightening import competition, lead to more firms entering export markets and providing training. These patterns are consistent with a heterogeneous-firm model in which exporting and training are complementary due to higher export revenues and productivity gains from training investments. By reallocating sales toward the most productive producers, import competition leads to more firms finding it profitable to export and provide training. These findings highlight a novel mechanism through which trade openness promotes firm-level productivity and skill formation.