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<p>This study evaluated the effectiveness of four irrigation techniques used during root canal treatment [conventional irrigation (CU), Irriflex (IF), Easy Clean (EC), and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI)] in removing calcium hydroxide–based and calcium silicate–based intracanal medications from the isthmus of mesial root canals in 3D-printed mandibular molar replicas. A mandibular molar with presence of an isthmus in the mesial roots and moderate curvature was instrumented with Reciproc R40.06, scanned by Micro Computed Tomography (micro-CT), and used as model to create 64 standardized translucent resin replicas. The mesial roots and isthmus areas were filled with Ultracal XS or Bio-C Temp and scanned again. After 7 days, replicas were reinstrumented and subjected to the irrigation protocols, followed by micro-CT analysis of medication removal. The percentage of remaining intracanal medication volume was analyzed using a t-test. The percentage of medication removed in the isthmus area was also calculated and analyzed using two-way ANOVA (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) to evaluate the effects of different factors, followed by Tukey’s post hoc test for multiple comparisons. PUI promoted the highest removal of Ultracal XS in percentage (98.2 ± 2.28) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), with no differences among the other techniques. For Bio-C Temp, all protocols performed similarly. PUI showed similar performance for both medications, while the other techniques removed Bio-C Temp more effectively than Ultracal XS.</p>

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Effectiveness of irrigation systems for removing intracanal medication isthmuses in 3D-printed molars replicas

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月3日

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  • J. Augusto,
  • A. J. S. Torres-Carrillo,
  • Gustavo dos Santos Cardoso,
  • P. S. Gonçalves,
  • I. B. F. Petean,
  • M. D. Sousa-Neto,
  • J. F. Mazzi-Chaves,
  • F. C. Lopes-Olhê

摘要

This study evaluated the effectiveness of four irrigation techniques used during root canal treatment [conventional irrigation (CU), Irriflex (IF), Easy Clean (EC), and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI)] in removing calcium hydroxide–based and calcium silicate–based intracanal medications from the isthmus of mesial root canals in 3D-printed mandibular molar replicas. A mandibular molar with presence of an isthmus in the mesial roots and moderate curvature was instrumented with Reciproc R40.06, scanned by Micro Computed Tomography (micro-CT), and used as model to create 64 standardized translucent resin replicas. The mesial roots and isthmus areas were filled with Ultracal XS or Bio-C Temp and scanned again. After 7 days, replicas were reinstrumented and subjected to the irrigation protocols, followed by micro-CT analysis of medication removal. The percentage of remaining intracanal medication volume was analyzed using a t-test. The percentage of medication removed in the isthmus area was also calculated and analyzed using two-way ANOVA (p < 0.05) to evaluate the effects of different factors, followed by Tukey’s post hoc test for multiple comparisons. PUI promoted the highest removal of Ultracal XS in percentage (98.2 ± 2.28) (p < 0.05), with no differences among the other techniques. For Bio-C Temp, all protocols performed similarly. PUI showed similar performance for both medications, while the other techniques removed Bio-C Temp more effectively than Ultracal XS.