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<p>To evaluate the effects of endodontic irrigants on the surface roughness of flowable and conventional composite resins using contact profilometry and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Seventy-two discs were prepared from a flowable and a conventional resin composite (n = 36 each). Specimens were immersed in 5.25% NaOCl, 17% EDTA, or sequential NaOCl + EDTA. Surface roughness (R<sub>a</sub>) was measured before and after irrigation with a contact profilometer; nano-topography was quantified on 45&#xa0;µm × 45&#xa0;µm areas using AFM. Data were analyzed with mixed-model repeated measures ANOVA and paired t-tests (α = 0.05). Profilometry revealed a significant R<sub>a</sub> increase only in the flowable resin composite after NaOCl + EDTA (p = 0.009); no significant changes were detected in the conventional resin composite for any irrigant. AFM showed consistently higher nano-roughness in the conventional resin composite than in the flowable resin composite for all solutions (p &lt; 0.001). NaOCl and NaOCl + EDTA significantly reduced AFM R<sub>a</sub> in the flowable resin composite, whereas EDTA significantly decreased R<sub>a</sub> in the conventional resin composite. Irrigation-induced surface changes are material- and method-dependent. Flowable resin composites are more susceptible to macro-scale roughening under sequential NaOCl + EDTA, while conventional resin composites exhibit greater chemical stability. Combined use of profilometry and AFM provides a more comprehensive assessment of irrigant-related surface alterations.</p>

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Effects of endodontic irrigants on surface roughness of flowable and conventional composite resins

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月29日

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  • Ayşe Nur Kuşuçar,
  • Seray Doğan,
  • Rabia Bostanoğlu Özefe,
  • Cemile Yılmaz

摘要

To evaluate the effects of endodontic irrigants on the surface roughness of flowable and conventional composite resins using contact profilometry and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Seventy-two discs were prepared from a flowable and a conventional resin composite (n = 36 each). Specimens were immersed in 5.25% NaOCl, 17% EDTA, or sequential NaOCl + EDTA. Surface roughness (Ra) was measured before and after irrigation with a contact profilometer; nano-topography was quantified on 45 µm × 45 µm areas using AFM. Data were analyzed with mixed-model repeated measures ANOVA and paired t-tests (α = 0.05). Profilometry revealed a significant Ra increase only in the flowable resin composite after NaOCl + EDTA (p = 0.009); no significant changes were detected in the conventional resin composite for any irrigant. AFM showed consistently higher nano-roughness in the conventional resin composite than in the flowable resin composite for all solutions (p < 0.001). NaOCl and NaOCl + EDTA significantly reduced AFM Ra in the flowable resin composite, whereas EDTA significantly decreased Ra in the conventional resin composite. Irrigation-induced surface changes are material- and method-dependent. Flowable resin composites are more susceptible to macro-scale roughening under sequential NaOCl + EDTA, while conventional resin composites exhibit greater chemical stability. Combined use of profilometry and AFM provides a more comprehensive assessment of irrigant-related surface alterations.