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Introduction <p>This study aimed to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of an endodontic sealer containing strontium silicates (Sr–Si sealer, C-Root SP, Beijing, China) compared to a calcium silicate-based sealer (Ca–Si sealer, Endosequence BC Sealer, Savannah, USA).</p> Methods <p>Elemental composition of the sealers was confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Afterwards, particle size was evaluated with SEM (scanning electron microscopy). Flow (<i>n</i> = 10 per group), setting time. (<i>n</i> = 5), film thickness (<i>n</i> = 10), and radiopacity (<i>n</i> = 10) were tested under ISO 6876/2012 standards. To mimic clinical applications, a pressure-flow test (<i>n</i> = 10) was designed and carried out to estimate the forces needed to initiate sealer flow into dentin tubules. A direct observation on sealer penetration depth inside dentin tubule was also performed by SEM with 20 extracted single-canaled teeth, obturated with either Sr–Si or Ca–Si sealer (<i>n</i> = 10 each) using hydraulic condensation technique, resulting in 1080 per sealer group. The data were analyzed with a <i>t</i> test (<i>α</i> = 0.05).</p> Results <p>The Sr–Si sealer contained 10.6&#xa0;wt% Sr and an average particle size of 1.59 ± 0.97&#xa0;µm, while the Ca–Si sealer contained 27.0&#xa0;wt% Ca and a particle size at 8.05 ± 5.66&#xa0;µm. The Sr–Si sealer also contained 16.2% tantalum which was not found in Ca–Si sealer. In the ISO tests, the Sr–Si sealer showed longer setting time, better flowability, and radiopacity (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). The force to initiate the flow in simulated tubules for the Sr–Si sealer was 11.00 ± 0.74 N, significantly lower than the Ca–Si sealer's 21.51 ± 2.59 N. The results were also consistent with the observation on extracted teeth that Sr–Si sealer penetrated further than Ca–Si sealer.</p> Conclusions <p>The properties of the Sr–Si sealer suggest that it possesses desirable characteristics based on current in vitro criteria. While these results provide a strong foundation for its application, conclusions regarding its long-term clinical suitability depend on further clinical trials.</p>

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Physical and mechanical properties of a strontium silicate-based sealer

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月25日

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  • Shannon Wong,
  • Xiaofei Zhu,
  • Tun-Yi Hsu,
  • Sami Chogle,
  • Russell A. Giordano II,
  • Yuwei Fan

摘要

Introduction

This study aimed to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of an endodontic sealer containing strontium silicates (Sr–Si sealer, C-Root SP, Beijing, China) compared to a calcium silicate-based sealer (Ca–Si sealer, Endosequence BC Sealer, Savannah, USA).

Methods

Elemental composition of the sealers was confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Afterwards, particle size was evaluated with SEM (scanning electron microscopy). Flow (n = 10 per group), setting time. (n = 5), film thickness (n = 10), and radiopacity (n = 10) were tested under ISO 6876/2012 standards. To mimic clinical applications, a pressure-flow test (n = 10) was designed and carried out to estimate the forces needed to initiate sealer flow into dentin tubules. A direct observation on sealer penetration depth inside dentin tubule was also performed by SEM with 20 extracted single-canaled teeth, obturated with either Sr–Si or Ca–Si sealer (n = 10 each) using hydraulic condensation technique, resulting in 1080 per sealer group. The data were analyzed with a t test (α = 0.05).

Results

The Sr–Si sealer contained 10.6 wt% Sr and an average particle size of 1.59 ± 0.97 µm, while the Ca–Si sealer contained 27.0 wt% Ca and a particle size at 8.05 ± 5.66 µm. The Sr–Si sealer also contained 16.2% tantalum which was not found in Ca–Si sealer. In the ISO tests, the Sr–Si sealer showed longer setting time, better flowability, and radiopacity (p < 0.01). The force to initiate the flow in simulated tubules for the Sr–Si sealer was 11.00 ± 0.74 N, significantly lower than the Ca–Si sealer's 21.51 ± 2.59 N. The results were also consistent with the observation on extracted teeth that Sr–Si sealer penetrated further than Ca–Si sealer.

Conclusions

The properties of the Sr–Si sealer suggest that it possesses desirable characteristics based on current in vitro criteria. While these results provide a strong foundation for its application, conclusions regarding its long-term clinical suitability depend on further clinical trials.