<p>The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of aging and number of remaining teeth on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the submandibular and parotid glands. A total of 481 participants (230 men, 251 women) aged 20–89&#xa0;years (mean: 53.70&#xa0;years) were included. ADC values of the salivary glands were compared ​​between men and women using the Mann–Whitney U test. Spearman’s correlation coefficients were calculated using patient ages and number of remaining teeth as the explanatory variables and the ADC values as the outcome variables. In addition, multiple linear regression was performed to evaluate the independent effects of age and number of remaining teeth on ADC values for each salivary gland. The median (interquartile range (IQR)) ADC values (× 10^–3 mm²/s) in the submandibular and parotid glands across all age groups were 1.14 (1.05–1.21) and 0.82 (0.73–0.91), respectively, in men (<i>P</i> = 0.07) and 1.15 (1.09–1.21) and 0.92 (0.83–1.01), respectively, in women (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). The ADC values in the submandibular glands had a significant positive correlation with age (r = 0.157, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). Meanwhile, the ADC values in the parotid glands had a significant negative correlation with age (r = −0.152, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). Multiple linear regression showed that age independently affected parotid ADC, whereas the number of remaining teeth independently affected submandibular ADC. In some age groups, the ADC values ​​of the submandibular and parotid glands increased with decreasing number of remaining teeth (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). In the parotid gland, ADC values are mainly influenced by age, whereas in the submandibular gland, they are primarily affected by the number of remaining teeth. These effects vary across age groups. This highlights the importance of considering these factors when interpreting ADC measurements.</p>