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<p>Macrophages play a crucial role in bone repair associated with apical periodontitis. NeoSEALER Flo is a promising sealer for root canal obturation, but its effects on macrophages have not been evaluated. This study aims to investigate the impact of NeoSEALER Flo on the cytotoxicity, polarization, and activation of macrophages, in comparison with the commonly used sealer iRoot SP. Briefly, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were exposed to varying concentrations of NeoSEALER Flo or iRoot SP extracts for 24&#xa0;h and 48&#xa0;h to assess their cytotoxicity. BMDMs were stimulated with NeoSEALER Flo or iRoot SP, in the presence or absence of the M1 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the M2 stimuli interleukin 4 (IL-4), respectively. Immunofluorescence, western blotting, and qPCR were used to evaluate the expression of M1 markers (iNos, IL-1β, Ccl12) and M2 marker Cd206 and Arginase 1 (Arg1). The results showed that both iRoot SP and NeoSEALER Flo exhibited favorable biocompatibility, with a sharp decline at high concentrations (50&#xa0;mg/mL). Moreover, NeoSEALER Flo and iRoot SP each demonstrated immunomodulatory capacity by suppressing M1 markers and fostering M2 macrophage activation. Notably, NeoSEALER Flo displayed a markedly stronger response, achieving superior efficacy in both suppressing M1 markers and promoting the expression of M2 markers relative to iRoot SP. In conclusion, NeoSEALER Flo demonstrated a consistently favorable biocompatibility profile, suppressing pro-inflammatory M1 activation while amplifying anti-inflammatory M2 polarization, highlighting NeoSEALER Flo’s potential to mitigate inflammation and promote tissue repair in clinical applications.</p>

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Evaluation of a novel bioceramic sealer NeoSEALER Flo on the activation and polarization of macrophage

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月7日

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  • Zijun Wang,
  • Xiaoyue Sun,
  • Zhuo Chen,
  • Jingjing Yu,
  • Zhaojun Chen,
  • Zhengrui Chang,
  • Lingxin Zhu,
  • Li Wang

摘要

Macrophages play a crucial role in bone repair associated with apical periodontitis. NeoSEALER Flo is a promising sealer for root canal obturation, but its effects on macrophages have not been evaluated. This study aims to investigate the impact of NeoSEALER Flo on the cytotoxicity, polarization, and activation of macrophages, in comparison with the commonly used sealer iRoot SP. Briefly, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were exposed to varying concentrations of NeoSEALER Flo or iRoot SP extracts for 24 h and 48 h to assess their cytotoxicity. BMDMs were stimulated with NeoSEALER Flo or iRoot SP, in the presence or absence of the M1 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the M2 stimuli interleukin 4 (IL-4), respectively. Immunofluorescence, western blotting, and qPCR were used to evaluate the expression of M1 markers (iNos, IL-1β, Ccl12) and M2 marker Cd206 and Arginase 1 (Arg1). The results showed that both iRoot SP and NeoSEALER Flo exhibited favorable biocompatibility, with a sharp decline at high concentrations (50 mg/mL). Moreover, NeoSEALER Flo and iRoot SP each demonstrated immunomodulatory capacity by suppressing M1 markers and fostering M2 macrophage activation. Notably, NeoSEALER Flo displayed a markedly stronger response, achieving superior efficacy in both suppressing M1 markers and promoting the expression of M2 markers relative to iRoot SP. In conclusion, NeoSEALER Flo demonstrated a consistently favorable biocompatibility profile, suppressing pro-inflammatory M1 activation while amplifying anti-inflammatory M2 polarization, highlighting NeoSEALER Flo’s potential to mitigate inflammation and promote tissue repair in clinical applications.