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<p>Climate change imposes negative impacts on forest ecosystems through both abiotic stressors, such as drought, and biotic stressors, such as insect-induced defoliation. Chinese pine (<i>Pinus tabulaeformis</i>), a primary afforestation species in the northwest region of China, has recently faced increasing threats from drought and defoliation, leading to widespread mortality. This study investigates the combined effects of drought and defoliation on the growth and non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) dynamics of Chinese pine seedlings. A greenhouse-based manipulative experiment lasting 80 days was conducted, incorporating three watering treatments (100% field water-holding capacity, 30–40% field water-holding capacity, and no watering) and two defoliation treatments (defoliated and non-defoliated). Under moderate drought, seedlings exhibited increased concentrations of soluble sugars and starch in leaves and stems, demonstrating an active resistance to drought stress. However, under severe drought, NSC concentrations significantly decreased in all organs. Defoliation exacerbated the negative effects of drought, particularly impairing the NSC reserves in roots, thereby weakening the resilience of seedlings. The combination between drought and defoliation significantly altered the allocation patterns of soluble sugars and starch among roots, stems, and leaves in Chinese pine, highlighting the critical role of NSC in plant responses to environmental stressors. This study emphasizes the need to consider both drought and defoliation challenges simultaneously in ecological restoration practices to ensure the resilience of forest ecosystems.</p>

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The combined effects of drought and defoliation on non-structural carbohydrates in different organs of Chinese pine

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月21日

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  • Citian Li,
  • Yihang Zhu,
  • Xiangmin Liang,
  • Xinyi Guo,
  • Changhui Peng,
  • Tong Li,
  • Jiayi Tang,
  • Cong Liu,
  • Xin Li,
  • Xiaolu Zhou,
  • Hanxiong Song,
  • Zelin Liu,
  • Ziying Zou,
  • Xuding Wen

摘要

Climate change imposes negative impacts on forest ecosystems through both abiotic stressors, such as drought, and biotic stressors, such as insect-induced defoliation. Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis), a primary afforestation species in the northwest region of China, has recently faced increasing threats from drought and defoliation, leading to widespread mortality. This study investigates the combined effects of drought and defoliation on the growth and non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) dynamics of Chinese pine seedlings. A greenhouse-based manipulative experiment lasting 80 days was conducted, incorporating three watering treatments (100% field water-holding capacity, 30–40% field water-holding capacity, and no watering) and two defoliation treatments (defoliated and non-defoliated). Under moderate drought, seedlings exhibited increased concentrations of soluble sugars and starch in leaves and stems, demonstrating an active resistance to drought stress. However, under severe drought, NSC concentrations significantly decreased in all organs. Defoliation exacerbated the negative effects of drought, particularly impairing the NSC reserves in roots, thereby weakening the resilience of seedlings. The combination between drought and defoliation significantly altered the allocation patterns of soluble sugars and starch among roots, stems, and leaves in Chinese pine, highlighting the critical role of NSC in plant responses to environmental stressors. This study emphasizes the need to consider both drought and defoliation challenges simultaneously in ecological restoration practices to ensure the resilience of forest ecosystems.