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<p><i>Kalanchoe</i> species, originally introduced worldwide as ornamentals, are now reported to be globally spreading in many regions, including China. It is hypothesized that the morphological plasticity and asexual plantlet production of these species contribute to their rapid invasive spread. To address this hypothesis, an experiment was conducted using four <i>Kalanchoe</i> species: <i>Kalanchoe delagoensis</i> Eckl. &amp; Zeyh., <i>Kalanchoe</i> × <i>houghtonii</i> D. B. Ward, <i>Kalanchoe laetivirens</i> Desc. and <i>Kalanchoe daigremontiana</i> Raym.-Hamet &amp; H. Perrier. The reproductive and vegetative traits of these four species were evaluated under contrasting light and water conditions. The plants subjected to high light tended to prioritize plantlet production, accompanied by a reduction in vegetative growth. Two distinct reproductive strategies were observed. <i>K. delagoensis</i> and <i>K.</i> × <i>houghtonii</i> significantly increased plantlet production under high light conditions. In contrast, <i>K. daigremontiana</i> and <i>K. laetivirens</i> enhanced the fresh weight of individual plantlets without altering the total number produced. These results demonstrate the high plasticity of vegetative and reproductive growth in response to light and water availability. The increased production of plantlets may contribute to the invasive spread of <i>Kalanchoe</i> species in open fields.</p>

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Morphological plasticity and reproductive strategies of Kalanchoe species in invasive spread

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月6日

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  • Zhe Zhang,
  • Daisuke Sugiura,
  • Wataru Yamori,
  • Yanhong Tang

摘要

Kalanchoe species, originally introduced worldwide as ornamentals, are now reported to be globally spreading in many regions, including China. It is hypothesized that the morphological plasticity and asexual plantlet production of these species contribute to their rapid invasive spread. To address this hypothesis, an experiment was conducted using four Kalanchoe species: Kalanchoe delagoensis Eckl. & Zeyh., Kalanchoe × houghtonii D. B. Ward, Kalanchoe laetivirens Desc. and Kalanchoe daigremontiana Raym.-Hamet & H. Perrier. The reproductive and vegetative traits of these four species were evaluated under contrasting light and water conditions. The plants subjected to high light tended to prioritize plantlet production, accompanied by a reduction in vegetative growth. Two distinct reproductive strategies were observed. K. delagoensis and K. × houghtonii significantly increased plantlet production under high light conditions. In contrast, K. daigremontiana and K. laetivirens enhanced the fresh weight of individual plantlets without altering the total number produced. These results demonstrate the high plasticity of vegetative and reproductive growth in response to light and water availability. The increased production of plantlets may contribute to the invasive spread of Kalanchoe species in open fields.