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<p>Breeders adjust wheat heading dates to improve regional adaptability and reduce or mitigate yield losses caused by meteorological disasters, pests and diseases. The <i>Ppd-1</i> genes play a crucial role in determining wheat sensitivity to changes in day-length and serve as key regulators of heading dates once the vernalization requirement is satisfied. In this study, we identified a new allelic variant of the promoter region, <i>Ppd-B1a.3</i>, in the Chinese wheat cultivar Qingchun 37. Compared to the <i>Ppd-B1b.1</i> (carried by Chihokukomugi), the main mutation sites in <i>Ppd-B1a.3</i> include a substitution of C with G at the –505-bp, a T base insertion at the –625-bp, a mutation of TCG to GGT at the –632 to –634-bp, and a 163-bp insertion at the –691&#xa0;bp. Analysis of F<sub>2</sub> populations indicated that <i>Ppd-B1a.3</i> promotes heading and flowering (approximately 6&#xa0;days earlier in population 1 and 17&#xa0;days in population 2) under short-day conditions in a greenhouse. However, the evaluation of <i>Ppd-B1a.3</i>'s effect under field conditions may be influenced by the copy number of the <i>Ppd-B1</i> locus inherited from the other parent in the F<sub>2</sub> populations. <i>Ppd-B1a.3</i> disrupts circadian rhythm expression and exhibits a stronger effect on heading and flowering than the three-copy <i>Ppd-B1</i> allele carried by Jing 411. Origin analysis suggests that <i>Ppd-B1a.3</i> may have derived from non-native germplasm. These results deepen our understanding of wheat photoperiod genes and provide useful genetic resources for fine-tuning wheat heading dates during breeding.</p>

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Molecular characterization of a novel photoperiod-insensitive allele Ppd-B1a.3 and its effect on heading date in Chinese wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivar Qingchun 37

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2024年12月31日

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  • Tianqi Song,
  • Caiyin Shi,
  • Yukun Wang,
  • Sihai Guo,
  • Weijun Zhang,
  • Xiaoxing Wang,
  • Jianfei Zhou,
  • Yaning Bu,
  • Siyi Li,
  • Qiru Fan,
  • Fan Wei,
  • Jishan Xiang,
  • Dongsheng Chen,
  • Xiaoke Zhang

摘要

Breeders adjust wheat heading dates to improve regional adaptability and reduce or mitigate yield losses caused by meteorological disasters, pests and diseases. The Ppd-1 genes play a crucial role in determining wheat sensitivity to changes in day-length and serve as key regulators of heading dates once the vernalization requirement is satisfied. In this study, we identified a new allelic variant of the promoter region, Ppd-B1a.3, in the Chinese wheat cultivar Qingchun 37. Compared to the Ppd-B1b.1 (carried by Chihokukomugi), the main mutation sites in Ppd-B1a.3 include a substitution of C with G at the –505-bp, a T base insertion at the –625-bp, a mutation of TCG to GGT at the –632 to –634-bp, and a 163-bp insertion at the –691 bp. Analysis of F2 populations indicated that Ppd-B1a.3 promotes heading and flowering (approximately 6 days earlier in population 1 and 17 days in population 2) under short-day conditions in a greenhouse. However, the evaluation of Ppd-B1a.3's effect under field conditions may be influenced by the copy number of the Ppd-B1 locus inherited from the other parent in the F2 populations. Ppd-B1a.3 disrupts circadian rhythm expression and exhibits a stronger effect on heading and flowering than the three-copy Ppd-B1 allele carried by Jing 411. Origin analysis suggests that Ppd-B1a.3 may have derived from non-native germplasm. These results deepen our understanding of wheat photoperiod genes and provide useful genetic resources for fine-tuning wheat heading dates during breeding.