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<p>This research uses a gravity model to study the effects of corruption on international migration. We use information that covers migration into 20 OECD countries from the Institute for Employment Research (IAB) dataset from 1980 to 2010. We find that destination, origin and distance in perceived levels of corruption have a meaningful impact on migration. Additionally, migration decreases when we consider country pairs with higher distance in their levels of corruption (positive assortative matching), showing that not considering corruption distance may underestimate the effects of corruption. Our main novelty is that we distinguish this effect by skill level and gender. Our results show that, compared to other skill groups, low skilled individuals are the most affected by corruption, unlike what is predicted by the literature. On the other hand, female migrants are more bound by financial constraints, being less likely to escape the harmful effects of corruption, raising some policy concerns.</p>

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Is corruption a push or a pull factor of migration? A gravity model approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月11日

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  • José Verónico,
  • Sandra T. Silva,
  • Isabel Mota

摘要

This research uses a gravity model to study the effects of corruption on international migration. We use information that covers migration into 20 OECD countries from the Institute for Employment Research (IAB) dataset from 1980 to 2010. We find that destination, origin and distance in perceived levels of corruption have a meaningful impact on migration. Additionally, migration decreases when we consider country pairs with higher distance in their levels of corruption (positive assortative matching), showing that not considering corruption distance may underestimate the effects of corruption. Our main novelty is that we distinguish this effect by skill level and gender. Our results show that, compared to other skill groups, low skilled individuals are the most affected by corruption, unlike what is predicted by the literature. On the other hand, female migrants are more bound by financial constraints, being less likely to escape the harmful effects of corruption, raising some policy concerns.