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<p>In this paper, an HIV-1 infection model with intracellular delay, humoral immunity and immune impairment is investigated, in which both virus-to-cell infection and cell-to-cell transmission are considered. The basic reproduction ratio is calculated and the existence of feasible equilibria is established. By analyzing the distributions of roots of the corresponding characteristic equations, the local asymptotic stability of each of feasible equilibria is established. With the help of appropriate Lyapunov functionals and LaSalle’s invariance principle, it is proved that if the basic reproduction ratio is less than unity, the infection-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable, and the virus is eventually eliminated; if the basic reproduction ratio is greater than unity, the chronic-infection equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the effects of some parameters on HIV-1 infection dynamics.</p>

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Global Dynamics of a Delayed HIV-1 Infection Model with Cell-to-cell Transmission, Humoral Immunity and Immune Impairment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月2日

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  • Rui Xu,
  • An-li Xue,
  • Chen-wei Song

摘要

In this paper, an HIV-1 infection model with intracellular delay, humoral immunity and immune impairment is investigated, in which both virus-to-cell infection and cell-to-cell transmission are considered. The basic reproduction ratio is calculated and the existence of feasible equilibria is established. By analyzing the distributions of roots of the corresponding characteristic equations, the local asymptotic stability of each of feasible equilibria is established. With the help of appropriate Lyapunov functionals and LaSalle’s invariance principle, it is proved that if the basic reproduction ratio is less than unity, the infection-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable, and the virus is eventually eliminated; if the basic reproduction ratio is greater than unity, the chronic-infection equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the effects of some parameters on HIV-1 infection dynamics.