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Background <p>Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is a premalignant plasma cell disorder whose prevalence increases with age and may progress to multiple myeloma. The tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in MGUS pathogenesis and progression. Systemic immune-inflammatory markers can reflect tumor microenvironment(TME) dynamics, but their association with MGUS odds remains understudied.</p> Methods <p>This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 12,080 adults aged ≥ 50 years (including 350 MGUS cases) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III and 1999–2004 cycles). Multivariable logistic regression assessed associations between systemic immune-inflammatory markers [lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio(LMR), Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR), Hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, platelet score(HALP), and their individual components] and MGUS. Generalized additive models identified nonlinear relationships and threshold effects across stratified groups.</p> Results <p>Higher LMR quartiles were positively associated with MGUS prevalence (Q4 vs. Q1: OR = 1.454, 95% CI 1.048–2.016), while elevated monocyte counts (OR = 0.624, 95% CI 0.456–0.853) and albumin levels (OR = 0.446, 95% CI 0.317–0.627) correlated with reduced MGUS odds. Nonlinear analysis revealed a U-shaped association between PLR and MGUS. There are race-specific nonlinear correlations involving LMR, PLR, and lymphocyte counts with MGUS.</p> Conclusions <p>Systemic immune-inflammatory markers are significantly associated with MGUS odds in older adults, highlighting their potential for early detection and longitudinal monitoring.</p>

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Association between systemic immune-inflammatory markers and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance in the elderly population: findings from the National health and nutrition examination survey

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月13日

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  • Chengpeng Zhang,
  • Kangyan Hou,
  • Dongjun Lin,
  • Cong Xu

摘要

Background

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is a premalignant plasma cell disorder whose prevalence increases with age and may progress to multiple myeloma. The tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in MGUS pathogenesis and progression. Systemic immune-inflammatory markers can reflect tumor microenvironment(TME) dynamics, but their association with MGUS odds remains understudied.

Methods

This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 12,080 adults aged ≥ 50 years (including 350 MGUS cases) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III and 1999–2004 cycles). Multivariable logistic regression assessed associations between systemic immune-inflammatory markers [lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio(LMR), Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR), Hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, platelet score(HALP), and their individual components] and MGUS. Generalized additive models identified nonlinear relationships and threshold effects across stratified groups.

Results

Higher LMR quartiles were positively associated with MGUS prevalence (Q4 vs. Q1: OR = 1.454, 95% CI 1.048–2.016), while elevated monocyte counts (OR = 0.624, 95% CI 0.456–0.853) and albumin levels (OR = 0.446, 95% CI 0.317–0.627) correlated with reduced MGUS odds. Nonlinear analysis revealed a U-shaped association between PLR and MGUS. There are race-specific nonlinear correlations involving LMR, PLR, and lymphocyte counts with MGUS.

Conclusions

Systemic immune-inflammatory markers are significantly associated with MGUS odds in older adults, highlighting their potential for early detection and longitudinal monitoring.