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<p>Icebergs and sea ice formations in the polar regions play an important role in global temperature and global warming, as highlighted in many recent scientific studies. Antarctica is home to many living creatures and holds unique importance in this regard. Many scientists are sent on scientific expeditions to this untouched continent by various countries to study the Earth’s characteristics and the nature of the world. Turkish scientists have also been visiting the continent since 2017 as part of the National Antarctic Scientific Exploration Programme, turning Horseshoe Island into a temporary scientific base. In addition, human activity exists in the region due to the presence of scientific bases established by other countries on the Antarctic Peninsula. For this reason, analysing the sea ice extent around Horseshoe Island is important, as it contributes to Türkiye’s scientific efforts and provides insight into changes caused by human scientific activity on the Antarctic Peninsula. In addition, analysing sea ice changes in the region provides valuable information about the local climate and contributes to safe maritime transportation. In this context, the extent of sea ice around Horseshoe Island was monitored using Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data over a 10-year period from 2015 to 2024. The dataset was selected for the period between 1st September and 10th October, when sea ice extent typically increases following the winter season. The Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) machine learning (ML) classification methods were used to distinguish between sea ice and open water areas. Furthermore, the overall accuracy of the RF and SVM classifications was higher than 93%, with kappa coefficients ≥ 0.80 for all years. The study demonstrated that sea ice extent was lower after 2020 compared to the period before. Specifically, the sea ice area between 2020 and 2024 was smaller than between 2015 and 2020. The extent of sea ice decreased by approximately 56% in 2022 compared to 2016. This reduction in sea ice coverage after 2020 may align with global climate change theories and has also contributed to a decrease in sea salinity in the region. Consequently, melting sea ice may negatively impact the marine ecosystem in the area.</p>

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Monitoring of temporal changes in sea ice extent in Horseshoe Island on the Antarctic Peninsula using sentinel-1 SAR remote sensing data

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月22日

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  • Furkan Yilgan

摘要

Icebergs and sea ice formations in the polar regions play an important role in global temperature and global warming, as highlighted in many recent scientific studies. Antarctica is home to many living creatures and holds unique importance in this regard. Many scientists are sent on scientific expeditions to this untouched continent by various countries to study the Earth’s characteristics and the nature of the world. Turkish scientists have also been visiting the continent since 2017 as part of the National Antarctic Scientific Exploration Programme, turning Horseshoe Island into a temporary scientific base. In addition, human activity exists in the region due to the presence of scientific bases established by other countries on the Antarctic Peninsula. For this reason, analysing the sea ice extent around Horseshoe Island is important, as it contributes to Türkiye’s scientific efforts and provides insight into changes caused by human scientific activity on the Antarctic Peninsula. In addition, analysing sea ice changes in the region provides valuable information about the local climate and contributes to safe maritime transportation. In this context, the extent of sea ice around Horseshoe Island was monitored using Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data over a 10-year period from 2015 to 2024. The dataset was selected for the period between 1st September and 10th October, when sea ice extent typically increases following the winter season. The Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) machine learning (ML) classification methods were used to distinguish between sea ice and open water areas. Furthermore, the overall accuracy of the RF and SVM classifications was higher than 93%, with kappa coefficients ≥ 0.80 for all years. The study demonstrated that sea ice extent was lower after 2020 compared to the period before. Specifically, the sea ice area between 2020 and 2024 was smaller than between 2015 and 2020. The extent of sea ice decreased by approximately 56% in 2022 compared to 2016. This reduction in sea ice coverage after 2020 may align with global climate change theories and has also contributed to a decrease in sea salinity in the region. Consequently, melting sea ice may negatively impact the marine ecosystem in the area.