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<p>The Bay of Bengal (BoB) is vulnerable to tropical cyclones and storm surges. Four cyclones of BoB during 2023 viz. Mocha, Hamoon, Midhili and Michaung are selected for this study. The Level 4-Analyzed Wind Vector (L4-AWV) at six-hour interval obtained from the scatterometer sensor (SCAT-3) onboard Oceansat-3 satellite is used to analyze the cyclonic winds. Comparison of SCAT-3 winds with the Global Forecast System (GFS) data shows that the correlation between wind speeds is in range 0.63–0.72 with root mean square error (RMSE) between 2.1–3.5&#xa0;m/s. Mean sea level pressure (MSLP) and sea surface temperature (SST) data are used to understand the oceanic conditions during the cyclones. Wind-Pressure relationships of the cyclones show negative correlation between minimum MSLP and maximum surface wind and cyclone tracks are guided by minimum MSLP track. Coupled SWAN + ADCIRC (Simulating Waves Nearshore + ADvanced CIRCulation) model is used to simulate the storm surges. Bathymetry of the domain is taken from General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO_2023) and grid prepared using OceanMesh2D. Highest simulated surge height of 3.8&#xa0;m was found for Mocha where maximum wind speed was ~ 60&#xa0;m/s. The surge height is found in the range 1–2.6&#xa0;m for other cyclones where maximum wind varied between ~ 22 to 35&#xa0;m/s. Simulated maximum surge heights and inundation results closely align with Indian Meteorological Department's (IMD's) report. Wind speed validations with buoy data closely resemble SCAT-3 winds, while tide gauge validations for water elevations show&#xa0;correlation coefficients (CC) of 0.8 to 0.9 and RMSE of 0.111.</p>

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Study of Bay of Bengal cyclones for year 2023 using SCAT-3 and GFS datasets and numerical simulation of associated surges using SWAN + ADCIRC model

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月16日

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  • Ritama Das,
  • Sumit Mondal,
  • Anup Kumar Mandal,
  • Neeru Jaiswal,
  • Tushar Kanti Saha,
  • Tarun Kumar De

摘要

The Bay of Bengal (BoB) is vulnerable to tropical cyclones and storm surges. Four cyclones of BoB during 2023 viz. Mocha, Hamoon, Midhili and Michaung are selected for this study. The Level 4-Analyzed Wind Vector (L4-AWV) at six-hour interval obtained from the scatterometer sensor (SCAT-3) onboard Oceansat-3 satellite is used to analyze the cyclonic winds. Comparison of SCAT-3 winds with the Global Forecast System (GFS) data shows that the correlation between wind speeds is in range 0.63–0.72 with root mean square error (RMSE) between 2.1–3.5 m/s. Mean sea level pressure (MSLP) and sea surface temperature (SST) data are used to understand the oceanic conditions during the cyclones. Wind-Pressure relationships of the cyclones show negative correlation between minimum MSLP and maximum surface wind and cyclone tracks are guided by minimum MSLP track. Coupled SWAN + ADCIRC (Simulating Waves Nearshore + ADvanced CIRCulation) model is used to simulate the storm surges. Bathymetry of the domain is taken from General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO_2023) and grid prepared using OceanMesh2D. Highest simulated surge height of 3.8 m was found for Mocha where maximum wind speed was ~ 60 m/s. The surge height is found in the range 1–2.6 m for other cyclones where maximum wind varied between ~ 22 to 35 m/s. Simulated maximum surge heights and inundation results closely align with Indian Meteorological Department's (IMD's) report. Wind speed validations with buoy data closely resemble SCAT-3 winds, while tide gauge validations for water elevations show correlation coefficients (CC) of 0.8 to 0.9 and RMSE of 0.111.