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<p>The interplay between sea level rise (SLR) and sea surface temperature (SST) is a critical factor in understanding coastal dynamics and climate change impacts. This study examined the spatiotemporal variability, trends, and interactions of SLR and SST across Florida's coastal regions from 1993 to 2021. The results revealed that over the 29-year&#xa0;period, SLR exhibited substantial spatial variability, ranging from –20&#xa0;cm to +25&#xa0;cm, with an overall&#xa0;shift toward positive trends, particularly since 2014. The western coast experienced a more pronounced SLR compared to&#xa0;eastern Florida. The spatial and temporal annual SLR trend showed a total increase of up to 25&#xa0;cm and 10&#xa0;cm, respectively, over 29&#xa0;years. Seasonal and monthly variations were notable, with the summer (JJA) and fall (SON) seasons showing the largest positive increases, affecting over 92% of the study area with a 12&#xa0;cm temporal increase over the 29-year period. Monthly SLR trends also demonstrated predominantly positive changes, with over 90% of the region experiencing consistent increases, reaching up to 15&#xa0;cm over 29&#xa0;years. SST trends mirrored SLR patterns, with significant spatial variation from 21&#xa0;°C to 28&#xa0;°C and a general warming trend, especially after 2014. Annual SST exhibited positive trends in almost 96% of Florida's coastal region, with average spatial increases of up to 2.9&#xa0;°C and a temporal rise of up to 0.64&#xa0;°C over 29&#xa0;years. Spatial seasonal SST analysis&#xa0;revealed positive increases across all seasons, with the highest SSTs observed in summer and fall, and the lowest SSTs, with negative trends, occurring&#xa0;during the&#xa0;winter (DJF) seasons, which also showed&#xa0;significant fluctuations. Temporal seasonal SSTs increased by up to 0.03&#xa0;°C per year, totaling 0.87&#xa0;°C&#xa0;during the study period. The study also highlighted a predominantly positive correlation, observed in over 80% of the study area, between SST and SLR, linking rising SST to increased SLR through potential mechanisms like thermal expansion and polar ice melt. Localized negative correlations and seasonal variations suggest additional influences from ocean currents and atmospheric conditions. The findings highlight Florida's increased vulnerability to climate change induced increases in&#xa0;SST and SLR that could lead to flooding, erosion, and saltwater intrusion. This&#xa0;underscores the urgent need for adaptation and mitigation strategies to enhance coastal resilience to climate risks.</p>

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Examining the spatiotemporal interplay between sea-level rise and sea surface temperature in coastal regions of Florida

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月22日

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  • Mulatu Liyew Berihun,
  • Haimanote K. Bayabil,
  • Girma Worku Awoke

摘要

The interplay between sea level rise (SLR) and sea surface temperature (SST) is a critical factor in understanding coastal dynamics and climate change impacts. This study examined the spatiotemporal variability, trends, and interactions of SLR and SST across Florida's coastal regions from 1993 to 2021. The results revealed that over the 29-year period, SLR exhibited substantial spatial variability, ranging from –20 cm to +25 cm, with an overall shift toward positive trends, particularly since 2014. The western coast experienced a more pronounced SLR compared to eastern Florida. The spatial and temporal annual SLR trend showed a total increase of up to 25 cm and 10 cm, respectively, over 29 years. Seasonal and monthly variations were notable, with the summer (JJA) and fall (SON) seasons showing the largest positive increases, affecting over 92% of the study area with a 12 cm temporal increase over the 29-year period. Monthly SLR trends also demonstrated predominantly positive changes, with over 90% of the region experiencing consistent increases, reaching up to 15 cm over 29 years. SST trends mirrored SLR patterns, with significant spatial variation from 21 °C to 28 °C and a general warming trend, especially after 2014. Annual SST exhibited positive trends in almost 96% of Florida's coastal region, with average spatial increases of up to 2.9 °C and a temporal rise of up to 0.64 °C over 29 years. Spatial seasonal SST analysis revealed positive increases across all seasons, with the highest SSTs observed in summer and fall, and the lowest SSTs, with negative trends, occurring during the winter (DJF) seasons, which also showed significant fluctuations. Temporal seasonal SSTs increased by up to 0.03 °C per year, totaling 0.87 °C during the study period. The study also highlighted a predominantly positive correlation, observed in over 80% of the study area, between SST and SLR, linking rising SST to increased SLR through potential mechanisms like thermal expansion and polar ice melt. Localized negative correlations and seasonal variations suggest additional influences from ocean currents and atmospheric conditions. The findings highlight Florida's increased vulnerability to climate change induced increases in SST and SLR that could lead to flooding, erosion, and saltwater intrusion. This underscores the urgent need for adaptation and mitigation strategies to enhance coastal resilience to climate risks.