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<p>The Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite 2 (ICESat-2) provides high-resolution height measurements of the Earth's ice, land and ocean surfaces, making it possible to observe individual waves in the global ocean. Here, we use approximately 3-yr ICESat-2 laser altimetry data (October 2018 to August 2021), from which ocean surface wave parameters, including significant wave height, peak wave length and direction, are retrieved and thoroughly validated against in situ observations in both open ocean and coastal waters. It is found that the ICESat-2 wave height agrees very well with buoy measurements, featuring a RMSE of 0.16 (0.26) m in deep (coastal) waters. The peak wave length and direction from ICESat-2, though less favorable, remain practically useful, showing a correlation coefficient of about 0.7 with buoy data. The challenge in estimating peak wave length and direction from ICESat-2 along-track surface profiles under mixed sea states are discussed through numerical simulations and buoy observations.</p>

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Retrieval of ocean surface wave parameters from ICESat-2 altimetry: validation and limitations

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月13日

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  • Lang Cao,
  • Qingxiang Liu,
  • Joey Voermans,
  • Alberto Alberello,
  • Alexander Babanin

摘要

The Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite 2 (ICESat-2) provides high-resolution height measurements of the Earth's ice, land and ocean surfaces, making it possible to observe individual waves in the global ocean. Here, we use approximately 3-yr ICESat-2 laser altimetry data (October 2018 to August 2021), from which ocean surface wave parameters, including significant wave height, peak wave length and direction, are retrieved and thoroughly validated against in situ observations in both open ocean and coastal waters. It is found that the ICESat-2 wave height agrees very well with buoy measurements, featuring a RMSE of 0.16 (0.26) m in deep (coastal) waters. The peak wave length and direction from ICESat-2, though less favorable, remain practically useful, showing a correlation coefficient of about 0.7 with buoy data. The challenge in estimating peak wave length and direction from ICESat-2 along-track surface profiles under mixed sea states are discussed through numerical simulations and buoy observations.