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<p>This study examines the potential local and regional environmental impacts of Offshore Wind Farms (OWFs) in the extended Bay of Seine, focusing on their role as artificial habitats for benthopelagic species and the formation of reef ecosystems. We explore how OWFs, under met-oceanic conditions, may influence larval dispersal through hydrodynamic and reef effects. The dispersal of both native species (such as mussels and European green crabs) and invasive species (e.g., Japanese oysters and Asian shore crabs) is simulated using a coupled physical-biological numerical model. It is observed that wind farms serve as relay points for species, facilitating connectivity between the farms and the shores of the extended Bay of Seine. Larval dispersal from the wind farms shows connectivity not only between the farms themselves but also between the farms and the shores of the extended Seine Bay, with approximately 7.44<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10236_2025_1665_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="15" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\%\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mo>%</mo> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of initially emitted larvae settling inside the Courseulles-sur-Mer OWF. As expected, the spatial resolution of the hydrodynamic model impacts the results, influencing larval retention particularly at the intersection of different nested grids. Our results indicate that it would be preferable to include effects of OWFs in future coastal management scenarios and underline the need to study cumulative impacts.</p>

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Impacts of offshore wind farms in the English Channel on larval dispersal and connectivity of benthic species using numerical modeling

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月25日

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  • Souha Ajmi,
  • Martial Boutet,
  • Anne-Claire Bennis,
  • Jean-Claude Dauvin

摘要

This study examines the potential local and regional environmental impacts of Offshore Wind Farms (OWFs) in the extended Bay of Seine, focusing on their role as artificial habitats for benthopelagic species and the formation of reef ecosystems. We explore how OWFs, under met-oceanic conditions, may influence larval dispersal through hydrodynamic and reef effects. The dispersal of both native species (such as mussels and European green crabs) and invasive species (e.g., Japanese oysters and Asian shore crabs) is simulated using a coupled physical-biological numerical model. It is observed that wind farms serve as relay points for species, facilitating connectivity between the farms and the shores of the extended Bay of Seine. Larval dispersal from the wind farms shows connectivity not only between the farms themselves but also between the farms and the shores of the extended Seine Bay, with approximately 7.44 \(\%\) % of initially emitted larvae settling inside the Courseulles-sur-Mer OWF. As expected, the spatial resolution of the hydrodynamic model impacts the results, influencing larval retention particularly at the intersection of different nested grids. Our results indicate that it would be preferable to include effects of OWFs in future coastal management scenarios and underline the need to study cumulative impacts.