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<p>Mining operations below the groundwater table often lead to excessive water inflow into the excavation, which can cause serious water-related issues that jeopardize both the design and the economic viability of the project. A detailed study of both the hydrogeological and lithological characteristics of the mine site aquifer is usually necessary before designing an appropriate dewatering system. Moreover, the amount of water entering the excavation needs to be estimated with an acceptable level of accuracy. However, accurately predicting groundwater inflows into mining excavations using analytical solutions remains a challenge. This paper presents an empirical-analytical method, referred to as a modified model, for calculating water inflow into open pit mines, in which the physical and geometrical parameters of the pit are adjusted to improve the accuracy of predictions. Comparison with the numerical solution reveals that the relative error in calculating the groundwater inflow rate from an unconfined aquifer into a pit decreased from 49 to ≈ 7%. Further comparison with the Singh and Reed (1987) analytical model showed that when the hydraulic head at the pit wall is small relative to the difference between the pit radius and the radius of influence, the inflow rate calculated using the Singh and Reed (1987) analytical model closely matches the inflow rate obtained with the numerical model. These findings can play a crucial role in improving the accuracy of groundwater inflow predictions and guiding the design of effective mine drainage systems.</p>

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A Novel Empirical-Analytical Model for Predicting Groundwater Inflow into an Open Pit Partially Penetrating an Unconfined Aquifer

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月2日

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  • Mohammad Reza Heidar,
  • Faramarz Doulati Ardejani,
  • Reza Taherdangkoo,
  • Behshad Jodeiri Shokri,
  • Christoph Butscher

摘要

Mining operations below the groundwater table often lead to excessive water inflow into the excavation, which can cause serious water-related issues that jeopardize both the design and the economic viability of the project. A detailed study of both the hydrogeological and lithological characteristics of the mine site aquifer is usually necessary before designing an appropriate dewatering system. Moreover, the amount of water entering the excavation needs to be estimated with an acceptable level of accuracy. However, accurately predicting groundwater inflows into mining excavations using analytical solutions remains a challenge. This paper presents an empirical-analytical method, referred to as a modified model, for calculating water inflow into open pit mines, in which the physical and geometrical parameters of the pit are adjusted to improve the accuracy of predictions. Comparison with the numerical solution reveals that the relative error in calculating the groundwater inflow rate from an unconfined aquifer into a pit decreased from 49 to ≈ 7%. Further comparison with the Singh and Reed (1987) analytical model showed that when the hydraulic head at the pit wall is small relative to the difference between the pit radius and the radius of influence, the inflow rate calculated using the Singh and Reed (1987) analytical model closely matches the inflow rate obtained with the numerical model. These findings can play a crucial role in improving the accuracy of groundwater inflow predictions and guiding the design of effective mine drainage systems.