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<p><i>Cobitis striata</i> is a freshwater fish that is endemic to western Japan. <i>Cobitis striata</i> is classified into three subspecies: <i>Cobitis striata striata</i>, <i>Cobitis striata fuchigamii</i>, and <i>Cobitis striata hakataensis</i>. <i>Cobitis striata striata</i> is widespread and inhabits rivers flowing into the Seto Inland Sea and the Sea of Japan. <i>Cobitis striata fuchigamii</i> and <i>C. s. hakataensis</i> are distributed in Northern Kyushu; the former is endemic to the Onga River System, and the latter is only found in the rivers of the Fukuoka Plain. Populations of these subspecies have been declining because of human activities and are listed as endangered (<i>C. s. fuchigamii</i>), critically endangered (<i>C. s. hakataensis</i>), and vulnerable (<i>C. s. striata</i>) in the Red Data Book of Japan. We analyzed the genetic relationships of the <i>C. striata</i> complex collected from Northern Kyushu in Japan, using two mitochondrial DNA regions: cytochrome b (cyt <i>b</i>) and the D-loop. The phylogenetic analysis identified two clades: clade I, comprising <i>C. s. fuchigamii</i> and <i>C. s. striata</i>, and clade II, comprising <i>C. s. hakataensis</i>. Analysis of molecular variance in <i>C. s. fuchigamii</i> revealed significant genetic differentiation among and within rivers, with 9.1% and 90.9% variation among and within the rivers, respectively. Haplotype network analysis indicated signs of past bottlenecks and recent population expansion. Although the neutrality tests (Tajima’s <i>D</i> and Fu’s <i>Fs</i>) were not statistically significant in both <i>C. s. fuchigamii</i> and <i>C. s. hakataensis</i>, mismatch distribution analysis showed multimodal distributions in several populations, which significantly deviated from the sudden expansion model. These findings indicate that <i>C. s. fuchigamii</i> and <i>C. s. hakataensis</i> in Northern Kyushu have undergone complex demographic histories. This study provides essential genetic data for designing informed conservation and propagation programs for two endangered subspecies of <i>Cobitis striata</i> complex in Northern Kyushu.</p>

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Population structure of Cobitis striata complex (Cypriniformes, Cobitidae) based on the mitochondrial DNA in Northern Kyushu, Japan

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月22日

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  • Kanna Nagae,
  • Yoshihisa Kurita,
  • Daiki Ando,
  • Norio Onikura

摘要

Cobitis striata is a freshwater fish that is endemic to western Japan. Cobitis striata is classified into three subspecies: Cobitis striata striata, Cobitis striata fuchigamii, and Cobitis striata hakataensis. Cobitis striata striata is widespread and inhabits rivers flowing into the Seto Inland Sea and the Sea of Japan. Cobitis striata fuchigamii and C. s. hakataensis are distributed in Northern Kyushu; the former is endemic to the Onga River System, and the latter is only found in the rivers of the Fukuoka Plain. Populations of these subspecies have been declining because of human activities and are listed as endangered (C. s. fuchigamii), critically endangered (C. s. hakataensis), and vulnerable (C. s. striata) in the Red Data Book of Japan. We analyzed the genetic relationships of the C. striata complex collected from Northern Kyushu in Japan, using two mitochondrial DNA regions: cytochrome b (cyt b) and the D-loop. The phylogenetic analysis identified two clades: clade I, comprising C. s. fuchigamii and C. s. striata, and clade II, comprising C. s. hakataensis. Analysis of molecular variance in C. s. fuchigamii revealed significant genetic differentiation among and within rivers, with 9.1% and 90.9% variation among and within the rivers, respectively. Haplotype network analysis indicated signs of past bottlenecks and recent population expansion. Although the neutrality tests (Tajima’s D and Fu’s Fs) were not statistically significant in both C. s. fuchigamii and C. s. hakataensis, mismatch distribution analysis showed multimodal distributions in several populations, which significantly deviated from the sudden expansion model. These findings indicate that C. s. fuchigamii and C. s. hakataensis in Northern Kyushu have undergone complex demographic histories. This study provides essential genetic data for designing informed conservation and propagation programs for two endangered subspecies of Cobitis striata complex in Northern Kyushu.