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<p>The lizardfish <i>Synodus lautus</i> sp. nov. from southern Japan, previously misidentified as <i>Synodus usitatus</i> Cressey 1981, but morphologically and genetically distinct from all congeners, is described as new, being characterized by the following combination of characters: dorsal-fin rays 11–13; anal-fin rays 8–10; lateral-line scales 56–59; scale rows above lateral line 3.5; vertebrae 56–59; anterior gill-rakers 30–38; pseudobranchial filaments 21–28; peritoneal spots 14–17; palatine teeth uniform in length and size; posterior part of preopercle scaled; anterior nostril flap (ANF) short, round or triangular, not reaching rear margin of posterior nostril when laid back; ANF length/inter-nostril distance (IND) 0.33–0.75 (mean 0.54); snout moderately pointed (lateral view); pelvic fin length 21.6–24.0% standard length; posterior process of pelvic girdle broad; fresh color orange or orangish-brown dorsally, white ventrally, eight doughnut-shaped dark orange blotches along body axis, some continuous with saddle-shaped blotches on dorsal surface; pelvic fins white, no additional markings; caudal fin with broad yellowish-orange bands on each lobe; color in alcohol pale with irregular dark pigmentation above lateral line. <i>Synodus usitatus</i>, previously confused to <i>S. lautus</i>, is redescribed here. <i>Synodus usitatus</i> differs from <i>S. lautus</i> sp. nov. in having long and slender triangular or leaf-shaped ANF (ANF length/IND 0.71–1.30), 25–36 anterior gill-rakers, 16–27 pseudobranchial filaments, longer pelvic fin (length 22.8–27.2% standard length), and rounded snout in lateral view, in addition to having dull blurred body color patterns, and the caudal fin uniform pale white with white bands on the upper lobe. In addition, the two species are genetically differentiated in the mtDNA COI region (567 bp), with a <i>p</i>-distance of 8.1–8.3%. A review of previous records of <i>S. usitatus</i> revealed that the species is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, therefore being allopatric with <i>S. lautus</i> (Japan).</p>

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A new species of Synodus from southern Japan, with a redescription of Synodus usitatus Cressey 1981 (Teleostei: Aulopiformes: Synodontidae)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月16日

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  • Ryusei Furuhashi,
  • Hiroyuki Motomura

摘要

The lizardfish Synodus lautus sp. nov. from southern Japan, previously misidentified as Synodus usitatus Cressey 1981, but morphologically and genetically distinct from all congeners, is described as new, being characterized by the following combination of characters: dorsal-fin rays 11–13; anal-fin rays 8–10; lateral-line scales 56–59; scale rows above lateral line 3.5; vertebrae 56–59; anterior gill-rakers 30–38; pseudobranchial filaments 21–28; peritoneal spots 14–17; palatine teeth uniform in length and size; posterior part of preopercle scaled; anterior nostril flap (ANF) short, round or triangular, not reaching rear margin of posterior nostril when laid back; ANF length/inter-nostril distance (IND) 0.33–0.75 (mean 0.54); snout moderately pointed (lateral view); pelvic fin length 21.6–24.0% standard length; posterior process of pelvic girdle broad; fresh color orange or orangish-brown dorsally, white ventrally, eight doughnut-shaped dark orange blotches along body axis, some continuous with saddle-shaped blotches on dorsal surface; pelvic fins white, no additional markings; caudal fin with broad yellowish-orange bands on each lobe; color in alcohol pale with irregular dark pigmentation above lateral line. Synodus usitatus, previously confused to S. lautus, is redescribed here. Synodus usitatus differs from S. lautus sp. nov. in having long and slender triangular or leaf-shaped ANF (ANF length/IND 0.71–1.30), 25–36 anterior gill-rakers, 16–27 pseudobranchial filaments, longer pelvic fin (length 22.8–27.2% standard length), and rounded snout in lateral view, in addition to having dull blurred body color patterns, and the caudal fin uniform pale white with white bands on the upper lobe. In addition, the two species are genetically differentiated in the mtDNA COI region (567 bp), with a p-distance of 8.1–8.3%. A review of previous records of S. usitatus revealed that the species is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, therefore being allopatric with S. lautus (Japan).