<p>Government websites that meet accessibility guidelines are fundamental to universal access to e-government services in the digital society. Despite increasing awareness, accessibility issues on e-government websites persist worldwide. Previous studies have mainly focused on evaluating government website accessibility; studies that have empirically examined how and why government agencies implement accessibility guidelines are rare. Using qualitative data collected in 2023 and 2025, this study applies Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) to identify the conditions that jointly motivate Chinese municipal agencies to implement the 2021 national accessibility initiative that encourages compliance with three national accessibility guidelines. The findings reveal that adequate financial resources are a necessary condition for the implementation and compliance. Moreover, two configurational paths emerge: if adequate funding and peers’ proven experiences are constantly present, the additional presence of either (i) an engaged leading agency that coordinates cross-agency implementation, or (ii) policy mandates explicitly requiring full compliance with guidelines and specifying enforcement measures, can incentivize local agencies to reach the expected level of implementation. This study provides a nuanced understanding of the conditions and their configuration that shape the implementation outcomes of accessibility guidelines in China and comparable contexts facing similar organizational and institutional constraints. It offers policymakers and government stakeholders actionable insights on encouraging frontline agencies and operatives to deliver accessible websites and services by bolstering supportive environmental and organizational capacities.</p>